ReviewShock (Augusta, Ga.)2021
Lymphocyte Immunosuppression and Dysfunction Contributing to Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome (PICS).
Review in Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- The impact of ulinastatin on lymphocyte apoptosis and autophagy in sepsis patients.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Hallmarks of the multidimensional immune response to trauma in humans.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Natural Killer Cells Dominate the Hyperacute Lymphocyte Response to Major Trauma and Are Associated with Organ Dysfunction.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism are associated with impaired lymphocytic mitochondrial metabolism during the early phase of sepsis. A single-center, prospective cohort study.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2026Article
- Silica based nanocarriers for combination immunotherapy targeting the tumor immune microenvironment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Association of the pan-immune-inflammation value with 60-day in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute myocardial infarction: evidence from the MIMIC-IV database.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Source-controlled bacterial peritonitis improves survival but leaves persistent lung inflammation and airway IgA loss.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Dynamic Online Nomogram Prediction Model for Assessing the Risk of Erectile Dysfunction.The world journal of men's health · 2026Article
- Quantifying Nuance Within Sepsis-Associated Immune Suppression Toward Diagnostic Certainty.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Validation of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Mortality Risk Stratification Marker in Patients with Proximal Femoral Fractures.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in the "immune paralytic-overactivation" imbalance in sepsis: the latest progress from molecular signaling to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Prediction Model for Persistent Inflammation-Immunosuppression-Catabolism Syndrome in Patients with Sepsis: An Ambispective Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- TREC dynamics as a biomarker of naive T-cell homeostasis in traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Associations between blood cell-based inflammatory indices and their changes and mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a retrospective investigation with prospective multicenter cohort validation study.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- Wound-Healing Potential of Engineered Lysin GRC-ML07 inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The predictive value of hyaluronic acid for the severity and prognosis of COVID-19: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between prognostic nutritional index and risk of moderate-to-severe basic activities of daily living dependence two years after hip fracture surgery in older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Lipid metabolism disturbance and immune dysfunction in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: a retrospective cohort study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Why should lymphocytes immune profile matter in sepsis?World journal of critical care medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
abstractPersistent Inflammation, Immune Suppression, and Catabolism Syndrome (PICS) is a disease state affecting patients who have a prolonged recovery after the acute phase of a large inflammatory insult. Trauma and sepsis are two pathologies after which such an insult evolves. In this review, we will focus on the key clinical determinants of PICS: Immunosuppression and cellular dysfunction. Currently, relevant immunosuppressive functions have been attributed to both innate and adaptive immune cells. However, there are significant gaps in our knowledge, as for trauma and sepsis the immunosuppressive functions of these cells have mostly been described in acute phase of inflammation so far, and their clinical relevance for the development of prolonged immunosuppression is mostly unknown. It is suggested that the initial immune imbalance determines the development of PCIS. Additionally, it remains unclear what distinguishes the onset of immune dysfunction in trauma and sepsis and how this drives immunosuppression in these cells. In this review, we will discuss how regulatory T cells (Tregs), innate lymphoid cells, natural killer T cells (NKT cells), TCR-a CD4- CD8- double-negative T cells (DN T cells), and B cells can contribute to the development of post-traumatic and septic immunosuppression. Altogether, we seek to fill a gap in the understanding of the contribution of lymphocyte immunosuppression and dysfunction to the development of chronic immune disbalance. Further, we will provide an overview of promising diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, whose potential to overcome the detrimental immunosuppression after trauma and sepsis is currently being tested.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.