ArticleEuropean cells & materials2020
Effects of FK506 on the healing of diaphyseal, critical size defects in the rat femur.
Article in European cells & materials, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biologics for bone regeneration: advances in cell, protein, gene, and mRNA therapies.Bone research · 2026Review
- Modern Approaches and Emerging Biological Therapies to Treat Fracture Nonunion.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Regional Gene Therapy for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Current Concepts Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Segmental defect healing in the presence or absence of recombinant human BMP2: Novel insights from a rat model.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023Article
- Molecular and anatomical roadmap of stroke pathology in immunodeficient mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Gene Therapy in Orthopaedics: Progress and Challenges in Pre-Clinical Development and Translation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Article
- Gene therapy for bone healing: lessons learned and new approaches.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Article
- Orthopaedic Gene Therapy: Twenty-Five Years On.JBJS reviews · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
There is much interest in understanding the influence of the immune system on bone healing, including a number of reports suggesting a beneficial effect of FK506 (tacrolimus) in this regard. The influence of FK506 in a rat, femoral, critical size defect was examined using locally implanted, recombinant, human (rh) BMP-2 and adenovirally-transduced, autologous, adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) expressing BMP-2. FK506 was delivered systemically using an implanted osmotic pump. Empty defects and those implanted with unmodified AD-MSCs did not heal in the presence or absence of FK506. Defects treated with rhBMP-2 healed with a large callus containing thin cortices and wispy trabeculae; this, too, was unaffected by FK506. A third of defects implanted with adenovirally-transduced AD-MSCs healed, but this improved to 100 % in the presence of FK506. New bone formed in response to BMP-2 synthesised endogenously by the genetically modified cells had a slimmer callus than those healed by rhBMP-2, with improved cortication and advanced reconstitution of marrow. These results suggest that FK506 may have had little effect on the intrinsic biology of bone healing, but improved healing in response to adenovirally-transduced cells by inhibiting immune responses to the first-generation adenovirus used here. Because the genetically modified cells produced bone of higher quality at far lower doses of BMP-2, this approach should be explored in subsequent research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.