Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33020798›Full record

ReviewBrain : a journal of neurology2020

Recent progress in translational engineered in vitro models of the central nervous system.

Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou, Rossana Rauti, Dimitrios Voulgaris, Iftach Shlomy, Ben M Maoz, Anna Herland

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. A Differentiated SH-SY5Y Model of Hypoxic-Ischaemic Injury Reveals Dynamic Transcriptomic Responses During Reoxygenation.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. 3D Printing for Neural Repair: Bridging the Gap in Regenerative Medicine.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Ex vivo functional whole organ in biomedical research: a review.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2025
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Polyxeni NikolakopoulouAIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Rossana RautiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Dimitrios VoulgarisDivision of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Iftach ShlomyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Ben M MaozDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Anna HerlandAIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Tel Aviv University · ILKarolinska Institutet · SEKTH Royal Institute of Technology · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The complexity of the human brain poses a substantial challenge for the development of models of the CNS. Current animal models lack many essential human characteristics (in addition to raising operational challenges and ethical concerns), and conventional in vitro models, in turn, are limited in their capacity to provide information regarding many functional and systemic responses. Indeed, these challenges may underlie the notoriously low success rates of CNS drug development efforts. During the past 5 years, there has been a leap in the complexity and functionality of in vitro systems of the CNS, which have the potential to overcome many of the limitations of traditional model systems. The availability of human-derived induced pluripotent stem cell technology has further increased the translational potential of these systems. Yet, the adoption of state-of-the-art in vitro platforms within the CNS research community is limited. This may be attributable to the high costs or the immaturity of the systems. Nevertheless, the costs of fabrication have decreased, and there are tremendous ongoing efforts to improve the quality of cell differentiation. Herein, we aim to raise awareness of the capabilities and accessibility of advanced in vitro CNS technologies. We provide an overview of some of the main recent developments (since 2015) in in vitro CNS models. In particular, we focus on engineered in vitro models based on cell culture systems combined with microfluidic platforms (e.g. 'organ-on-a-chip' systems). We delve into the fundamental principles underlying these systems and review several applications of these platforms for the study of the CNS in health and disease. Our discussion further addresses the challenges that hinder the implementation of advanced in vitro platforms in personalized medicine or in large-scale industrial settings, and outlines the existing differentiation protocols and industrial cell sources. We conclude by providing practical guidelines for laboratories that are considering adopting organ-on-a-chip technologies.

Indexed as

Models, NeurologicalNervous System Physiological PhenomenaTranslational Research, BiomedicalAnimalsEngineeringHumansModels, AnimalCNS modelsin vitro modelneurodegenerative diseaseorgan-on-a-chiptranslational medicine

Identifiers

PMID33020798
PMCPMC7719033
OpenAlexW3089763150

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.