ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2020
The Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis-The Koch Phenomenon Reinstated.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Radiological and functional evidence of the bronchial spread of tuberculosis: an observational analysis.The Lancet. Microbe · 2021Trial
- Host, Pathogen, and Pulmonary Anatomy in Pneumonia: An Integrated Imaging and Clinical Perspective.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Molecular Kaleidoscope of Nucleoid-Associated Proteins Regulatory Network and Chromosome Architecture in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Inflammasome Activation Differences Underpin DifferentMedComm · 2025Article
- Early and opposing neutrophil and CD4 T cell responses shape pulmonary tuberculosis pathology.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Dysplastic lung repair fosters a tuberculosis-promoting microenvironment through maladaptive macrophage polarization.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Histoplasmosis-Novel Concepts Regarding Pathogenesis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Aberrant macrophage activation and maladaptive lung repair promote tuberculosis progression uniquely in the lung.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Characterization of Early Lesions of Human Post-Primary Tuberculosis and Its Progression to Necrosis Using Archival Material of the Pre-Antibiotic Era.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Characteristics of Pulmonary Inflammation in Patients with Different Forms of Active Tuberculosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- B Cell and Antibody Responses in Bovine Tuberculosis.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Diagnosing adult and pediatric extrapulmonary tuberculosis by MPT64 antigen detection with immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry using reproduced polyclonal antibodies.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2024Article
- Fluvastatin Converts Human Macrophages into Foam Cells with Increased Inflammatory Response to InactivatedCells · 2024Article
- Diagnosis of Paediatric Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis by the MPT64 Antigen at a Tertiary Care Hospital.Cureus · 2024Article
- A spotlight on the tuberculosis epidemic in South Africa.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Immune mechanisms of granuloma formation in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- High and Low Levels ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A half-century of research on tuberculosis: Successes and challenges.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- An Insight into Advances in Developing Nanotechnology Based Therapeutics, Drug Delivery, Diagnostics and Vaccines: Multidimensional Applications in Tuberculosis Disease Management.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Research on the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) has been hamstrung for half a century by the paradigm that granulomas are the hallmark of active disease. Human TB, in fact, produces two types of granulomas, neither of which is involved in the development of adult type or post-primary TB. This disease begins as the early lesion; a prolonged subclinical stockpiling of secreted mycobacterial antigens in foamy alveolar macrophages and nearby highly sensitized T cells in preparation for a massive necrotizing hypersensitivity reaction, the Koch Phenomenon, that produces caseous pneumonia that is either coughed out to form cavities or retained to become the focus of post-primary granulomas and fibrocaseous disease. Post-primary TB progresses if the antigens are continuously released and regresses when they are depleted. This revised paradigm is supported by nearly 200 years of research and suggests new approaches and animal models to investigate long standing mysteries of human TB and vaccines that inhibit the early lesion to finally end its transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.