Trial reportPublic health nutrition2021
The efficacy of 'high in' warning labels, health star and traffic light front-of-package labelling: an online randomised control trial.
Trial report in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Efficacy of Front-of-package Labelling Schemes: an Experimental Study
A Randomized Controlled Trial Using FoodFlip©, a Mobile Phone App, to Promote Healthier Diets and Food Choices Among Post-Secondary Students
Effect of a Digital Educational Intervention About the Front of Package Labeling of Industrialized Foods and Beverages on the Selection and Purchase of Products in Mexican Caregivers and Schoolchildren.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Front-of-Package Labels on Unhealthy Packaged Foods in India: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Impact of front-of-pack labels on the perceived healthfulness of a sweetened fruit drink: a randomised experiment in five countries.Public health nutrition · 2022Trial
- Nudging customers towards healthier food and beverage purchases in a real-life online supermarket: a multi-arm randomized controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2022Trial
- Digitalization of the Retail Food Environment: Modernizing Food Access, Highlighting Health Equity, and Identifying Opportunities for Future Research and Practice.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2026Article
- Big picture vs. small details: exploring how front-of-package labels influence healthy food consumption and cognitive processing.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Policy gap: most child-appealing packaged food products in Canada will display a 'high in' front-of-package nutrition symbol.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between the nutritional quality of Canadian packaged foods and their prices: an analysis across five food categories.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Evaluating the association between the introduction of mandatory calorie labelling and energy consumed using observational data from the out-of-home food sector in England.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Consumer preferences for evaluative front-of-package nutrition labels: evidence from a choice experiment in China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The Effects of an Educational Intervention About Front-of-Package Labeling on Food and Beverage Selection Among Children and Their Caregivers: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- The Metabolic Matrix: Re-engineering ultraprocessed foods to feed the gut, protect the liver, and support the brain.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- The estimated dietary and health impact of implementing the recently approved 'high in' front-of-package nutrition symbol in Canada: a food substitution scenario modeling study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Review
- Estimating the dietary and health impact of implementing front-of-pack nutrition labeling in Canada: A macrosimulation modeling study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Guideline Daily Amounts Versus Nutri-Score Labeling: Perceptions of Greek Consumers About Front-of-Pack Label.Cureus · 2022Article
- Evaluating the potential implications of canadian front-of-pack labelling regulations in generic and branded food composition databases.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Healthy or Not Healthy? A Mixed-Methods Approach to Evaluate Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels as a Tool to Guide Consumers.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Consumers' Response to Sugar Label Formats in Packaged Foods: A Multi-Methods Study in Brazil.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the impact of front-of-package (FOP) labels on perceived healthfulness, purchasing intentions and understanding of common FOP systems.
designA parallel, open-label design randomised participants to different FOP labelling conditions: 'high in' warning labels (WL), multiple traffic light labelling (TLL), health star ratings (HSR) (all displayed per serving) or control with no interpretive FOP labelling. Participants completed a brief educational session via a smartphone application and two experimental tasks. In Task 1, participants viewed healthy or unhealthy versions of four products and rated healthiness and purchasing intention on a seven-point Likert-type scale. In Task 2, participants ranked three sets of five products from healthiest to least healthy.
settingOnline commercial panel.
participantsCanadian residents ≥ 18 years who were involved in household grocery shopping, owned a smartphone and met minimum screen requirements.
resultsData from 1997 participants (n 500/condition) were analysed. Task 1: across most product categories, the TLL and HSR increased perceived healthiness of healthier products. All FOP systems decreased perceived healthiness of less healthy products. Similar, albeit dampened, effects were seen regarding purchasing intentions. Task 2: participants performed best in the HSR, followed by the TLL, WL and control conditions. Lower health literacy was associated with higher perceived healthiness and purchasing intentions and poorer ranking task performance across all conditions.
conclusionsAll FOP labelling systems, after a brief educational session, improved task performance across a wide spectrum of foods. This effect differed depending on the nutritional quality of the products and the information communicated on labels.Trial Registration: NCT03290118.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.