Trial reportClinical and experimental immunology2021
Correlations of the expression of γδ T cells and their co-stimulatory molecules TIGIT, PD-1, ICOS and BTLA with PR and PIBF in the peripheral blood and decidual tissues of women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Trial report in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune dysregulation in endometriosis: the T cell perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Inhibitory immune checkpoints in preeclampsia: current landscape, mechanisms, and clinical perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A prognostic model derived from PANoptosis-associated subtypes unveils immunological features and therapeutic vulnerabilities in cervical cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint for pregnancy.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Bridging the divide: unveiling mutual immunological pathways of cancer and pregnancy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Review
- Gamma delta (γδ) T cells in the female reproductive tract: active participants or indifferent bystanders in reproductive success?Discovery immunology · 2024Review
- Endometrial Progesterone and Estrogen Receptors in Relation to Hormonal Levels in Women with Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2023Article
- The effects of progesterone on immune cellular function at the maternal-fetal interface and in maternal circulation.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2023Review
- Role of hormones in the pregnancy and sex-specific outcomes to infections with respiratory viruses.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Progesterone: A Unique Hormone with Immunomodulatory Roles in Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- COVID-19 vaccination influences subtypes of γδ-T cells during pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Immunological Changes in Pregnancy and Prospects of Therapeutic Pla-Xosomes in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Regulation of the innate immune cells during pregnancy: An immune checkpoint perspective.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Review
- Activated γδ T Cells With Higher CD107a Expression and Inflammatory Potential During Early Pregnancy in Patients With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Cytokines, Hormones and Cellular Regulatory Mechanisms Favoring Successful Reproduction.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Semi-allogeneic embryos are not rejected by the maternal immune system due to maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Progesterone (P) receptor (PR)-expressing γδ T cells are present in healthy pregnant women. In the presence of P, these cells secrete an immunomodulatory protein called progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), which can facilitate immune escape and is important in preventing embryonic rejection. This work investigated the correlations of the expression of γδ T cells and their co-stimulatory molecules T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) with progesterone receptor (PR) and progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) in peripheral blood and decidual tissue in women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) and normal pregnant (NP) women. We confirmed that γδ T cell proportions and PIBF expression in the peripheral blood and decidua of URSA women decreased significantly, while PR expression in decidua decreased. However, TIGIT, PD-1, ICOS and BTLA expression in γδ T cells in peripheral blood did not change, while TIGIT and PD-1 expression in γδ T cells in decidua increased significantly. Under the action of PHA-P (10 µg/ml), co-blocking of TIGIT (15 µg/ml) and PD-1 (10 µg/ml) antibodies further induced γδ T cell proliferation, but PIBF levels in the culture medium supernatant did not change. At 10
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.