Trial reportThe Journal of clinical investigation2020
mRNA vaccine-induced neoantigen-specific T cell immunity in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03480152 (A Phase I/II Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Messenger RNA), which is not on this map. Cited by 293 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I/II Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Messenger RNA (mRNA)-Based, Personalized Cancer Vaccine Against Neoantigens Expressed by the Autologous Cancer
Who cites it
293 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 397 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy, immune response, and safety of mRNA versus dendritic cell vaccines in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Transformers meets neoantigen detection: a systematic literature review.Journal of integrative bioinformatics · 2024Pooled it
- Preliminary clinical study of personalized neoantigen vaccine therapy for microsatellite stability (MSS)-advanced colorectal cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Trial
- Modular mRNA cocktail enables synergistic activation of antigen-specific T cells for cancer immunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- [Novel therapeutic strategies for liver metastases driven by the common microenvironment].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Predicting Neoantigen Immunogenicity frombioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Simultaneous gene engineering of T cells with multiple neoantigen-specific T cell receptors for adoptive cell transfer.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Developing neoantigen cancer vaccines: where are we now?Nature communications · 2026Review
- KRAS signaling networks, mutational heterogeneity, and emerging therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Pulmonary Delivery of Self-Amplifying RNA: Balancing Inflammation and Durable Transgene Expression.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Interactions Between Circulating Tumor Cells and the Immune System in Colorectal Cancer: Friends or Foes?Cancers · 2026Review
- Precision Targeting ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Engineered mRNA backbones for gene expression in human T cells.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Hallmarks and correlates of effective adoptive cell immunotherapy for cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics for "Undruggable" Cancer Targets: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Prospects.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Mutational profiling of HIV+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma reveals distinct mutational features with evidence of genomic instability.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- mRNA vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical perspectives.Hepatology international · 2026Review
- Personalized immunotherapy in HCC: synthesis, delivery, and clinical progress of mRNA-based vaccines.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Cancer vaccines and RNA therapeutics: exploring the impact of microRNAs.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
233 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUNDTherapeutic vaccinations against cancer have mainly targeted differentiation antigens, cancer-testis antigens, and overexpressed antigens and have thus far resulted in little clinical benefit. Studies conducted by multiple groups have demonstrated that T cells recognizing neoantigens are present in most cancers and offer a specific and highly immunogenic target for personalized vaccination.METHODSWe recently developed a process using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to identify the specific immunogenic mutations expressed in patients' tumors. Here, validated, defined neoantigens, predicted neoepitopes, and mutations of driver genes were concatenated into a single mRNA construct to vaccinate patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancer.RESULTSThe vaccine was safe and elicited mutation-specific T cell responses against predicted neoepitopes not detected before vaccination. Furthermore, we were able to isolate and verify T cell receptors targeting KRASG12D mutation. We observed no objective clinical responses in the 4 patients treated in this trial.CONCLUSIONThis vaccine was safe, and potential future combination of such vaccines with checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive T cell therapy should be evaluated for possible clinical benefit in patients with common epithelial cancers.TRIAL REGISTRATIONPhase I/II protocol (NCT03480152) was approved by the IRB committee of the NIH and the FDA.FUNDINGCenter for Clinical Research, NCI, NIH.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.