ReviewOrthopaedic surgery2020
Shoulder Osteonecrosis: Pathogenesis, Causes, Clinical Evaluation, Imaging, and Classification.
Review in Orthopaedic surgery, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mesenchymal stem cell therapy improved outcome of early post-traumatic shoulder osteonecrosis: a prospective randomized clinical study of fifty patients with over ten year follow-up.International orthopaedics · 2021Trial
- Postoperative Complications in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026Article
- Late-presenting chronic humeral head collapse, Cruess stage V, managed with modular uncemented hemiarthroplasty.Journal of surgical case reports · 2026Article
- Shoulder complications in sickle cell disease: Challenges, management strategies, and future directions.World journal of orthopedics · 2025Review
- Complications in Osteonecrosis Patients After Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · 2025Article
- Humeral head avascular necrosis: etiology, diagnosis, and management.Clinics in shoulder and elbow · 2025Article
- Exploring the association between systemic lupus erythematosus and osteonecrosis by Mendelian randomization analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Deep Learning-Driven Abbreviated Shoulder MRI Protocols: Diagnostic Accuracy in Clinical Practice.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2025Article
- Bilateral Anterior Shoulder Dislocations with Greater Tuberosity FracturesStudy Design: A Case Report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2025Article
- Non-operative treatment in advanced atraumatic osteonecrosis of the humeral head in patients under 50 years old: an observational study.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Article
- Management of osteonecrosis of the humeral head in the pediatric population: A systematic review.Journal of children's orthopaedics · 2024Review
- Osteonecrosis of the Humeral Head 3 Years Following Fracture Fixation of a 4-Part Proximal Humerus Fracture: A Case Report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2024Article
- Comparison between osteonecrosis of the humeral and femoral heads - epidemiological analysis of the surgical trend using the nationwide claims database of the republic of Korea.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Arthroscopic-Assisted Intraosseous Bioplasty of the Humeral Head for Osteonecrosis.Arthroscopy techniques · 2023Article
- End-stage renal disease patients have comparable results to renal transplant patients after shoulder arthroplasty.JSES international · 2023Article
- The Spectrum of Shoulder Pathologies on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Pictorial Review.Cureus · 2023Review
- Article
- Effect of the Initial Deformity in the Coronal Plane on Postoperative Outcome of Proximal Humeral Fractures.Orthopaedic surgery · 2023Article
- Short-term Clinical Outcome of Dual Plate Fixation in the Treatment of Proximal Humerus Fractures with Calcar Comminution.Orthopaedic surgery · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The humeral head is the second most common site for nontraumatic osteonecrosis after the femoral head, yet it has attracted relatively little attention. Osteonecrosis is associated with many conditions, such as traumatism, corticosteroid use, sickle cell disease, alcoholism, dysbarism (or caisson disease), and Gaucher's disease. The diagnosis is clinical and radiographic with MRI, with radiographs being the basis for staging. Many theories have been proposed to decipher the mechanism behind the development of osteonecrosis, but none have been proven. Because osteonecrosis may affect patients with a variety of risk factors, it is important that caregivers have a heightened index of suspicion. Early detection may affect prognosis because prognosis is dependent on the stage and location of the disease. In particular, the disease should be suspected in patients with a history of fractures, steroid usage, or sickle cell disease, and in divers. This report reviews osteonecrosis of the humeral head, with an emphasis on causes, clinical evaluation, imaging, and classification.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.