ReviewPharmacological reports : PR2021
Molecular insights into the therapeutic promise of targeting HMGB1 in depression.
Review in Pharmacological reports : PR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting HMGB1 in Microglia Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Modulates the Pro-/Anti-inflammatory Balance of Microglia/Macrophages in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Acupuncture as a modulator of microglial polarization and pyroptosis in depression: evidence from a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- From synaptic transmission to neural circuits: multilevel effects of stress on the hippocampus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2026Review
- 11,12-Diacetyl-Carnosol Ameliorates Depression-Like Behaviors and Memory Dysfunction in CUMS Mouse Model via Inhibiting HMGB1-Mediated Neuroinflammation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Comparison of HMGB1, RAGE, TLR4, and NF-κB levels in children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder with healthy controls.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2025Article
- Possible antidepressant mechanism of acupuncture: targeting neuroplasticity.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Inflammation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Dysregulation or Recalibration?Current neuropharmacology · 2024Article
- Effect ofBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Rehabilitation therapy versus drug-only therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2024Observational
- High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein: A Plausible Therapeutic Molecular Target in Parkinson's Disease.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- Cool the Inflamed Brain: A Novel Anti-inflammatory Strategy for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Vesicular HMGB1 release from neurons stressed with spreading depolarization enables confined inflammatory signaling to astrocytes.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- HMGB1 in depression: An overview of microglial HMBG1 in the pathogenesis of depression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Review
- Advanced Biomarkers of Hepatotoxicity in Psychiatry: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for New Psychoactive Substances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Adaptogenic property ofHeliyon · 2023Review
- Polydatin Prevents Neuroinflammation and Relieves Depression via Regulating Sirt1/HMGB1/NF-κB Signaling in Mice.Neurotoxicity research · 2022Article
- Role of high mobility group box protein 1 in depression: A mechanistic and therapeutic perspective.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Review
- HMGB1 in nervous system diseases: A common biomarker and potential therapeutic target.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Carveol Promotes Nrf2 Contribution in Depressive Disorders through an Anti-inflammatory Mechanism.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Alterations in innate immune defense distinguish first-episode schizophrenia patients from healthy controls.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder, the exact pathogenesis of which is still elusive. Studies have proposed that immunity disproportion and enhancement in proinflammatory cytokines might be linked with the development of depression. HMGB1 (High-mobility group box (1) protein has obtained more interest as an essential factor in inherent immune reactions and a regulating factor in various inflammation-related diseases. HMGB1 is a ubiquitous chromatin protein and is constitutively expressed in nucleated mammalian cells. HMGB1 is released by glial cells and neurons upon inflammasome activation and act as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. HMGB1 is a late mediator of inflammation and has been indicated as a major mediator in various neuroinflammatory diseases. Microglia, which is the brain immune cell, is stimulated by HMGB1 and released inflammatory mediators and induces chronic neurodegeneration in the CNS (central nervous system). In the current review, we aimed to investigate the role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of depression. The studies found that HMGB1 functions as proinflammatory cytokines primarily via binding receptors like RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end product), TLR2 and TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 2 and 4). Further, HMGB1 added to the preparing impacts of stress-pretreatment and assumed a major function in neurodegenerative conditions through moderating neuroinflammation. Studies demonstrated that neuroinflammation played a major role in the development of depression. The patients of depression generally exhibited an elevated amount of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum, microglia activation and neuronal deficit in the CNS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.