ArticleSleep2021
Associations of self-reported obstructive sleep apnea with total and site-specific cancer risk in older women: a prospective study.
Article in Sleep, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and gastrointestinal diseases: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Association of obstructive sleep apnea and nocturnal hypoxemia with all-cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Is obstructive sleep apnea a driver of cancer and chronic disease risk? A real-world analysis of over 3 million patients.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Obstructive sleep apnea in never-smokers with newly diagnosed lung cancer: a prospective study in a predominantly female Korean population.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- [Research Advances in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Lung Cancer Comorbidity].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026Review
- Risk Factors Associated With Incidence of Lung Cancer in Never-Smokers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JTO clinical and research reports · 2025Article
- Exposure to Radiation and Thyroid Cancer Risk Among Young Female Nurses: Longitudinal Analysis From the Korea Nurses' Health Study.JMIR cancer · 2025Article
- Causal Associations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of obstructive sleep apnea with risk of lung cancer: a nationwide cohort study in Korea.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Identification of key genes in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced lung cancer progression based on transcriptome sequencing.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- A review of obstructive sleep apnea and lung cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic options.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Association between obstructive sleep apnea and risk of lung cancer: findings from a collection of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Disparities in Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Upstream Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Implications.Clinics in chest medicine · 2023Review
- The association between obstructive sleep apnea and lung nodule, carcinoembryonic antigen.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2023Article
- Overall diet quality and proinflammatory diet in relation to risk of obstructive sleep apnea in 3 prospective US cohorts.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Obstructive sleep apnea and the incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5,120,837 participants.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2022Article
- The Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of breast cancer · 2022Article
- Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and incidence of obstructive sleep apnoea in three prospective US cohorts.The European respiratory journal · 2022Article
- Serum sTREM2: A Potential Biomarker for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesChronic intermittent hypoxia resulting from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may activate multiple carcinogenic pathways and lead to cancer development.
methodsWe prospectively examined the association between OSA and cancer risk among 65,330 women in the Nurses' Health Study who were free of cancer in 2008 (mean age: 73.3 years). Incident cancer diagnoses were collected until 2016 and confirmed by pathology reports. Clinically diagnosed OSA was self-reported in 2008 and updated in 2012. We used time-dependent Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the associations of OSA with total and site-specific cancer risk.
resultsWe documented 5,257 incident cancer diagnoses during follow-up. In the age-adjusted model, OSA was associated with a 15% (95% CI: 1.03, 1.29) increase in total cancer risk. The association became nonsignificant after adjustment for multiple cancer risk factors (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.21). When examining cancer risk by site, OSA was associated with significantly increased risk for lung (fully adjusted HR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.17), bladder (fully adjusted HR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.35), and thyroid cancer (fully adjusted HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 4.22) and possibly increased risk for kidney cancer (fully adjusted HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 0.84, 3.01). When grouping cancer sites by risk factor profiles, OSA was positively associated with smoking-related cancers (fully adjusted HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.67), and this association was stronger in never smokers than ever smokers.
conclusionWhile OSA was not independently associated with overall cancer risk in older women, significant associations were observed for smoking-related cancers, especially in nonsmokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.