ArticleCell reports. Medicine2020
Treatment with Commonly Used Antiretroviral Drugs Induces a Type I/III Interferon Signature in the Gut in the Absence of HIV Infection.
Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05584397 (Comparing Immune Activation and Latent HIV Reservoir Size Between People Living With HIV), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparing Immune Activation and Latent HIV Reservoir Size Between People Living With HIV (PWH) on Tenofovir-containing Versus NRTI-sparing ART
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short-term oral pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV-1 modulates the transcriptome of foreskin tissue in young men in Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Tenofovir, Interferon Pathways, and Mucosal Immunity: Implications for People Living With HIV.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Mucosal tenofovir 1% gel stimulates cell proliferation and type I/III interferon pathways.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral treatment does not prevent extrapulmonary tuberculosis during SIV/Mtb coinfection in macaques.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Continuous antiretroviral therapy induces progressive senescence-like reprogramming of alveolar macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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- Article
- The intestinal interferon system and specialized enterocytes as putative drivers of HIV latency.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Effects of Antiretroviral Treatment on Central and Peripheral Immune Response in Mice with EcoHIV Infection.Cells · 2024Article
- Article
- Vaginal epithelial dysfunction is mediated by the microbiome, metabolome, and mTOR signaling.Cell reports · 2023Article
- The Immunological Conundrum of Endogenous Retroelements.Annual review of immunology · 2023Review
- Upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes persists beyond the transitory broad immunologic changes of acute HIV-1 infection.iScience · 2023Article
- Type I interferons and TGF-β cooperate to induce liver fibrosis during HIV-1 infection under antiretroviral therapy.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition Disrupts Repeat Element Life Cycle in Colorectal Cancer.Cancer discovery · 2022Article
- Anti-inflammatory effects of recreational marijuana in virally suppressed youth with HIV-1 are reversed by use of tobacco products in combination with marijuana.Retrovirology · 2022Article
- Mobilization of systemic CCL4 following HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in young men in Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Its Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Men Having Sex With Men.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Gut Innate Immunity and HIV Pathogenesis.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 11 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) are used for HIV treatment and prevention. Previously, we found that topical rectal tenofovir gel caused immunological changes in the mucosa. Here, we assess the effect of oral TDF/FTC in three HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis trials, two with gastrointestinal and one with cervicovaginal biopsies. TDF/FTC induces type I/III interferon-related (IFN I/III) genes in the gastrointestinal tract, but not blood, with strong correlations between the two independent rectal biopsy groups (Spearman r = 0.91) and between the rectum and duodenum (r = 0.81). Gene set testing also indicates stimulation of the type I/III pathways in the ectocervix and of cellular proliferation in the duodenum. mRNA sequencing, digital droplet PCR, proteomics, and immunofluorescence confirm IFN I/III pathway stimulation in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, oral TDF/FTC stimulates an IFN I/III signature throughout the gut, which could increase antiviral efficacy but also cause chronic immune activation in HIV prevention and treatment settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.