ArticleSN comprehensive clinical medicine2020
SARS-CoV-2, an Underestimated Pathogen of the Nervous System.
Article in SN comprehensive clinical medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood-Brain Barrier Changes and Related Microvascular Outcomes in Long-COVID: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- The age-dependent neuroglial interaction with peripheral immune cells in coronavirus-induced neuroinflammation with a special emphasis on COVID-19.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Article
- CNS Viral Infections-What to Consider for Improving Drug Treatment: A Plea for Using Mathematical Modeling Approaches.CNS drugs · 2024Review
- Possible Role of Cannabis in the Management of Neuroinflammation in Patients with Post-COVID Condition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Alzheimer's disease and infectious agents: a comprehensive review of pathogenic mechanisms and microRNA roles.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Cognitive impairment in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a scoping review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and Neurological Manifestations.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Changes in Electrical Brain Activity and Cognitive Functions Following Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A one-Year Prospective Study After Acute Infection.Clinical EEG and neuroscience · 2022Article
- Differential persistence of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 in post immunized Bangladeshi population.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Pathological Features and Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brain and Potential Therapeutic Approaches.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Self-Assembled Nanoscale Materials for Neuronal Regeneration: A Focus on BDNF Protein and Nucleic Acid Biotherapeutic Delivery.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Plasma Biomarkers of Neuropathogenesis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 and Those With Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- What Is Currently Known about the Role of CXCL10 in SARS-CoV-2 Infection?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Mutations in the genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: implications for COVID-19 severity and progression.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Review
- Revisiting Metchnikoff's work in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.Innate immunity · 2022Review
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Host Factors Involved in Mental Disorders.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Numerous clinical studies have reported neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients since the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), apart from the atypical signs of pneumonia. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), a potential receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry, is expressed on various brain cells and cerebral parts, i.e., subfornical organ, paraventricular nucleus, nucleus of the tractus solitarius, and rostral ventrolateral medulla, as well as in non-cardiovascular areas such as the motor cortex and raphe. The resident CNS cells like astrocytes and microglia also express ACE-2, thus highlighting the vulnerability of the nervous system to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and furin facilitate virus entry into the host. Besides, the probable routes of virus entry into the nervous system include the hematogenic pathway, through the vagus, the olfactory nerve, or the enteric nervous system. However, the trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 to the brain needs investigation. Furthermore, a Th17-mediated cytokine storm is seen in COVID-19 cases with higher levels of IL-1β/2/7/8/9/10/17, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCL-10, MCP1, and MIP1α/β. Some cytokines can cross the blood-brain barrier and activate the brain's immune cells to produce neural cytokines, leading to neuronal dysfunctions. Nonetheless, most of the neurological conditions developed due to viral infections may not have effective and registered treatments. Although, some antivirals may inhibit the virus-mediated pathogenesis and prove to be suitable in COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, clinicians' and researchers' collective expertise may unravel the potential of SARS-CoV-2 infection to prevent short-term and long-term CNS damage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.