ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2020
Depression screening in cognitively normal older adults: Measurement bias according to subjective memory decline, brain amyloid burden, cognitive function, and sex.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between 1-Year Changes in Sarcopenia-Related Indicators and Subjective Well-being in Older Adults Requiring Support or Care under the Long-Term Care Insurance System.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Landscape of Early Symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease Translated into Everyday Practice for Geriatric Providers.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Review
- Depression screening in cognitively normal older adults: Measurement bias according to subjective memory decline, brain amyloid burden, cognitive function, and sex.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionUnderstanding the associations among depression, subjective cognitive decline, and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) has important implications for both depression and dementia screening in older adults. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a depression screening tool for older adults that queries memory concerns. To determine whether depression symptoms on the GDS (15-item version), including self-reported memory problems, differ by levels of brain amyloid beta (Aβ), a pathological hallmark of early stage AD, we investigated potential measurement bias with regard to Aβ level. We also examined measurement bias attributable to level of cognitive functioning and sex as positive controls.
methodsWe examined 3961 cognitively normal older adults from the A4/LEARN Study. We used the MIMIC (multiple indicators, multiple causes) approach to detect measurement bias.
resultsWe found measurement bias with small-to-moderate range effect sizes in several GDS-15 items with respect to Aβ level, cognitive functioning, and sex. There was negligible impact of measurement bias attributable to Aβ level on overall depressive symptom level. DISCUSSION: GDS-15 item responses are sensitive to Aβ burden, cognitive functioning, and sex over and above what would be expected given the effect of those factors on depressive symptom severity overall. However, these direct effects for GDS item measurement bias are of small magnitude and do not appreciably impact the validity of inferences about depression based on the GDS-15.
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