ReviewFrontiers in public health2020
Health Education Intervention as an Effective Means for Prevention of Respiratory Infections Among Hajj Pilgrims: A Review.
Review in Frontiers in public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of viral respiratory pathogens circulation among Iranian pilgrims during two large religious mass gatherings: the Hajj and Arbaeen walk 2025.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2026Article
- Mapping the Distribution of Tobacco Litter During the Haridwar Kumbh Mela 2021: A Compliance Assessment of Tobacco-Free Kumbh Mela.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2026Article
- From awareness to action: Evaluating knowledge and preventive practices against heat-related illnesses among Hajj and Umrah pilgrims.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Knowledge of Health Services Access Among Hajj Pilgrims in Saudi Arabia During the 1445 H (2024 G) Season and Its Associated Demographic and Health-Related Factors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Health Education in Mass Gatherings: A Scoping Review to Guide Public Health Preparedness and Practice.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploratory factor analysis on the development and validation of the understanding, attitude, practice and health literacy questionnaire on COVID-19 in Malay language.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatric Populations of Slum Areas: Navigating Challenges and Dynamics of Immune Responses.Current pediatric reviews · 2025Review
- Health education provided by nurses to children and young people: parents' assessment.BMC nursing · 2023Article
- Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance among Pilgrims with Infectious Diseases during Hajj: Lessons Learnt from COVID-19 Pandemic.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Impact of a Health Education Intervention on the Incidence of Influenza-Like Illnesses (ILI) During Hajj via Smartphone Application.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2023Article
- Diagnostic detection of intended bacteria associated with respiratory tract infections among Kelantanese Malaysian Hajj pilgrims by a ready-to-use, thermostable multiplex PCR assay.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The prevalence of respiratory illness has continued to surge among Hajj pilgrims from different countries despite having some practices of preventive measures. Respiratory illnesses during Hajj could be due to many reasons and many factors that promote disease spread. These factors include overcrowding, cigarette smoking, and direct contact with infectious agents particularly viruses promote the spread of respiratory infections. However, due to the longer duration of the pilgrimage, there are high chances of pilgrims contracting various respiratory illnesses due to exposure to respiratory pathogens. Hajj pilgrims' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward respiratory tract infections are used as the determinant of the effectiveness of the health education interventions. Knowledge and application of basic hygiene principles, use of face masks, following cough etiquettes, engaging in social distancing, and engaging in other measures are highly important. In this paper, we reviewed the various effective intervention strategies implemented to help prevent respiratory tract infections during Hajj.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.