Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33014263›Full record

ArticleCommunicative & integrative biology2020

Emergence of informative higher scales in biological systems: a computational toolkit for optimal prediction and control.

Erik Hoel, Michael Levin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communicative & integrative biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Quantifying emergent complexity.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. The Multiscale Wisdom of the Body: Collective Intelligence as a Tractable Interface for Next-Generation Biomedicine.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Emergence as the conversion of information: a unifying theory.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2022
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Erik HoelAllen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
Michael LevinAllen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7292-8084

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The biological sciences span many spatial and temporal scales in attempts to understand the function and evolution of complex systems-level processes, such as embryogenesis. It is generally assumed that the most effective description of these processes is in terms of molecular interactions. However, recent developments in information theory and causal analysis now allow for the quantitative resolution of this question. In some cases, macro-scale models can minimize noise and increase the amount of information an experimenter or modeler has about "what does what." This result has numerous implications for evolution, pattern regulation, and biomedical strategies. Here, we provide an introduction to these quantitative techniques, and use them to show how informative macro-scales are common across biology. Our goal is to give biologists the tools to identify the maximally-informative scale at which to model, experiment on, predict, control, and understand complex biological systems.

Indexed as

causationcomplexityEmergenceinformationnetworkquantitative

Identifiers

PMID33014263
PMCPMC7518458

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.