ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective Agents in Clinical Trials for CNS Disease and Injury: Where Do We Go From Here?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals in the treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis "Nutra NMA SCZ".Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with core herbs exploration.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- State of the science in inflammation and stroke recovery: A systematic review.Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Targeting Gasdermins for Therapeutic Interventions in Central Nervous System Injury.Neurotoxicity research · 2026Review
- Assessment of methylene blue and NAD on LPS-induced acute brain injury: effects on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and blood-brain barrier integrity in a rat endotoxemia model.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Functional recovery after spinal cord injury through neuroprotection by lipoic acid-loaded hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanozymes.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target in Neurodegeneration: Strategies for Restoring Cellular Homeostasis.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Ageing, Neurodegeneration and the Endocannabinoid System.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Redefining Chemotherapy-Related Headaches: From Pathobiology to Differential Diagnosis and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Targeted complement inhibition ameliorates the pathological and cognitive outcomes in repetitive mild closed head injury.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Curcumin treatment reduces motor impairments and protects against rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- The Inflammatory Bridge Between Type 2 Diabetes and Neurodegeneration: A Molecular Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Development of a Guava Jelly Drink with Potential Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, Neurotransmitter, and Gut Microbiota Benefits.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Neurosteroids Progesterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone: Molecular Mechanisms of Action in Neuroprotection and Neuroinflammation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Targeting neuroinflammation: 3-monothiopomalidomide a new drug candidate to mitigate traumatic brain injury and neurodegeneration.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- Hemin-induced transient senescence via DNA damage response: a neuroprotective mechanism against ferroptosis in intracerebral hemorrhage.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Targeting Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in Brain Disorders: Developing New Treatment Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Crucial Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms of Disruption and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Lactoferrin Attenuates Pro-Inflammatory Response and Promotes the Conversion into Neuronal Lineages in the Astrocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A novel peptide inhibitor of TRPM2 channels improves recovery of memory function following traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neurological disorders are major contributors to death and disability worldwide. The pathology of injuries and disease processes includes a cascade of events that often involve molecular and cellular components of the immune system and their interaction with cells and structures within the central nervous system. Because of this, there has been great interest in developing neuroprotective therapeutic approaches that target neuroinflammatory pathways. Several neuroprotective anti-inflammatory agents have been investigated in clinical trials for a variety of neurological diseases and injuries, but to date the results from the great majority of these trials has been disappointing. There nevertheless remains great interest in the development of neuroprotective strategies in this arena. With this in mind, the complement system is being increasingly discussed as an attractive therapeutic target for treating brain injury and neurodegenerative conditions, due to emerging data supporting a pivotal role for complement in promoting multiple downstream activities that promote neuroinflammation and degeneration. As we move forward in testing additional neuroprotective and immune-modulating agents, we believe it will be useful to review past trials and discuss potential factors that may have contributed to failure, which will assist with future agent selection and trial design, including for complement inhibitors. In this context, we also discuss inhibition of the complement system as a potential neuroprotective strategy for neuropathologies of the central nervous system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.