ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2020
(p)ppGpp: Magic Modulators of Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed.
- The alarmone pGpp inhibits translation through GTP depletion.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Structure-Dependent Triglyceride Protection of Freeze-DriedFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Clinical Rel mutations that increase basal (p)ppGpp promote conjugal transfer of staphylococcal resistance plasmids.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Article
- ppGpp regulates transcription elongation via direct and indirect inputs to RNA polymerase pausing and nucleotide addition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Controlled Delivery and Light-Induced Release of Magic Spot Nucleotides in Escherichia coli.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Stress-induced iron-sulfur cluster damage as a conserved trigger of the bacterial stringent response.Nature communications · 2026Article
- NAD+ capping of sibD transcripts in E. coli is mediated by its minimal promoter and enhanced by ppGpp.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Enzymatic activity of PBP1B is required for growth rate-independent ppGpp-mediated resistance to PBP2 inhibitors inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Starvation-independent alarmone production inhibits translation through GTP depletion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Transcriptome analysis suggests the cell wall as the primary target of the antilisterial effect of carrots.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Identification of a novel gene associated with group B Streptococcus persister cell formation and biofilm production.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dissection of amino acid acquisition pathways demonstrates that amino acid starvation of Borrelia burgdorferi results in a (p)ppGpp-independent maladaptive response.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Symbionts with eroded genomes adjust gene expression according to host life-stage and environment.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Staphylococcus aureus COL: An Atypical Model Strain of MRSA That Exhibits Slow Growth and Antibiotic Tolerance due to a Mutation in PRPP Synthetase.Molecular microbiology · 2025Article
- Ammonium depletion induces changes in low molecular weight thiol levels in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- The impact of bacterial purine metabolism on antibiotic efficacy.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Primary and Re-exposure effects of D-enantiomeric peptide on metabolism, diversity, and composition of oral biofilms at different stages of recovery.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Structural and mechanistic basis for the regulation of the chloroplast signal recognition particle by (p)ppGpp.FEBS letters · 2025Article
- Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When bacteria experience growth-limiting environmental conditions, the synthesis of the hyperphosphorylated guanosine derivatives (p)ppGpp is induced by enzymes of the RelA/SpoT homology (RSH)-type protein family. High levels of (p)ppGpp induce a process called "stringent response", a major cellular reprogramming during which ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) synthesis is downregulated, stress-related genes upregulated, messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and translation altered, and allocation of scarce resources optimized. The (p)ppGpp-mediated stringent response is thus often regarded as an all-or-nothing paradigm induced by stress. Over the past decades, several binding partners of (p)ppGpp have been uncovered displaying dissociation constants from below one micromolar to more than one millimolar and thus coincide with the accepted intracellular concentrations of (p)ppGpp under non-stringent (basal levels) and stringent conditions. This suggests that the ability of (p)ppGpp to modulate target proteins or processes would be better characterized as an unceasing continuum over a concentration range instead of being an abrupt switch of biochemical processes under specific conditions. We analyzed the reported binding affinities of (p)ppGpp targets and depicted a scheme for prioritization of modulation by (p)ppGpp. In this ranking, many enzymes of e.g., nucleotide metabolism are among the first targets to be affected by rising (p)ppGpp while more fundamental processes such as DNA replication are among the last. This preference should be part of (p)ppGpp's "magic" in the adaptation of microorganisms while still maintaining their potential for outgrowth once a stressful condition is overcome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.