ArticleJournal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS2021
Latent Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in an Alzheimer's Disease Research Sample.
Article in Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Psychometric properties of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery composites in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: A systematic review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Obtaining comparable measurement of midlife cognitive functioning from disparate cognitive tasks.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- NIH Toolbox Cognition Performance in Older Adults with Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Mild Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type: Results from the ARMADA Study.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Article
- Cross-domain latent profiles of MCI and dementia are most differentiated by social and emotional functioning.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2025Article
- Smartphone- and Tablet-Based Tools to Assess Cognition in Individuals With Preclinical Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Evaluating the factor structure and construct validity of the NIH toolbox in older adults, with a focus on cognitive normalcy and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: considerations for diversity, including insights from persons over 85 years of age and Black older Americans.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2025Article
- Ethno-racial differences in depressive symptom endorsement: Evaluation of brief forms of the Geriatric Depression Scale in older adults.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- The validity of studying healthy aging with cognitive tests measuring different constructs.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Exploring symptom clusters in mild cognitive impairment and dementia with the NIH Toolbox.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024Article
- Psychometric properties of the NIH Toolbox Cognition and Emotion Batteries among children and adolescents with congenital heart defects.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2024Article
- Validity of the NIH toolbox cognitive battery in a healthy oldest-old 85+ sample.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2023Article
- Racial Differences in Associations of Cognitive Health Status With Happiness, Helplessness, and Hopelessness Among Older Adults: An Exploratory Study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Neuropsychological Tests in Post-operative Cognitive Dysfunction: Methods and Applications.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Review
- Development of a latent dementia index in the aging, demographics, and memory study: Validation and measurement invariance by sex.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
- Memory and language cognitive data harmonization across the United States and Mexico.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
- Multiracial participants in Alzheimer's research: scoping review and recommendations.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Review
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8 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study investigated the latent factor structure of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) and its measurement invariance across clinical diagnosis and key demographic variables including sex, race/ethnicity, age, and education for a typical Alzheimer's disease (AD) research sample.
methodThe NIHTB-CB iPad English version, consisting of 7 tests, was administered to 411 participants aged 45-94 with clinical diagnosis of cognitively unimpaired, dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or impaired not MCI. The factor structure of the whole sample was first examined with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and further refined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Two groups were classified for each variable (diagnosis or demographic factors). The confirmed factor model was next tested for each group with CFA. If the factor structure was the same between the groups, measurement invariance was then tested using a hierarchical series of nested two-group CFA models.
resultsA two-factor model capturing fluid cognition (executive function, processing speed, and memory) versus crystalized cognition (language) fit well for the whole sample and each group except for those with age < 65. This model generally had measurement invariance across sex, race/ethnicity, and education, and partial invariance across diagnosis. For individuals with age < 65, the language factor remained intact while the fluid cognition was separated into two factors: (1) executive function/processing speed and (2) memory.
conclusionsThe findings mostly supported the utility of the battery in AD research, yet revealed challenges in measuring memory for AD participants and longitudinal change in fluid cognition.
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