ReviewGeroScience2020
Retinal biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): implication for early diagnosis and prognosis.
Review in GeroScience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does retinal vascular occlusion increase the risk of dementia? A pioneering systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Visual field defects in dementia: A scoping review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders using retina as an external window: A systematic review of OCT-MRI correlations.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Pooled it
- Predicting systemic diseases in fundus images: systematic review of setting, reporting, bias, and models' clinical availability in deep learning studies.Eye (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Quantitative ophthalmic posterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography and neurologic conditions: a review.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Hyperspectral retinal imaging to detect Alzheimer's disease in a memory clinic setting.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Assessing the Mediating Roles of Global Sensory Impairment, Social Isolation, and Loneliness in the Association Between Education and Cognitive Function.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Distinct ocular microvascular alterations in Alzheimer's disease and cerebral small vessel disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Fluorescence lifetimes and choriocapillaris flow deficits in intermediate age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Detection of Retinal Neurovascular Coupling During Light Adaptation Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Pilot Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Retinal Neurovascular Coupling: From Mechanisms to a Diagnostic Window into Brain Disorders.Cells · 2025Review
- Comparison of the additive value of blood-based and retinal biomarkers to clinical features in predicting cognitive decline.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Retinal microvascular alterations in motoric cognitive risk syndrome: an OCT angiography study.International ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the central nervous system: A potential therapeutic target to combat age-related vascular fragility.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Review
- Measures of retinal health successfully capture risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias at midlife.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- The Neuroprotective Role of Curcumin: From Molecular Pathways to Clinical Translation-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Developments in MRI radiomics research for vascular cognitive impairment.Insights into imaging · 2025Review
- A deep-learning retinal aging biomarker for cognitive decline and incident dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Plasma proteomics for cognitive decline and dementia-A Southeast Asian cohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and dementia are major medical, social, and economic public health issues worldwide with significant implications for life quality in older adults. The leading causes are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment/dementia (VCID). In both conditions, pathological alterations of the cerebral microcirculation play a critical pathogenic role. Currently, the main pathological biomarkers of AD-β-amyloid peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins-are detected either through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or PET examination. Nevertheless, given that they are invasive and expensive procedures, their availability is limited. Being part of the central nervous system, the retina offers a unique and easy method to study both neurodegenerative disorders and cerebral small vessel diseases in vivo. Over the past few decades, a number of novel approaches in retinal imaging have been developed that may allow physicians and researchers to gain insights into the genesis and progression of cerebromicrovascular pathologies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, fundus photography, and dynamic vessel analyzer (DVA) are new imaging methods providing quantitative assessment of retinal structural and vascular indicators-such as thickness of the inner retinal layers, retinal vessel density, foveal avascular zone area, tortuosity and fractal dimension of retinal vessels, and microvascular dysfunction-for cognitive impairment and dementia. Should further studies need to be conducted, these retinal alterations may prove to be useful biomarkers for screening and monitoring dementia progression in clinical routine. In this review, we seek to highlight recent findings and current knowledge regarding the application of retinal biomarkers in dementia assessment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.