Trial reportJournal of clinical anesthesia2021
The incidence of persistent postoperative opioid use among U.S. veterans: A national study to identify risk factors.
Trial report in Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patient-related risk factors for new persistent opioid use after surgery among opioid-naïve individuals in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of Opioid-Free Anesthesia on Analgesia and Recovery Following Bariatric Surgery: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.Obesity surgery · 2022Pooled it
- Commentary on: "Oxycodone prescription after inflatable penile prosthesis has risks of persistent use: a TriNetX Analysis".International journal of impotence research · 2024Article
- Opioid therapy trajectories of patients with chronic non-cancer pain over 1 year of follow-up after initiation of short-acting opioid formulations.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Commentary on "Age and postoperative opioid use in women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery".Gynecology and pelvic medicine · 2024Article
- Preoperative Patient-Reported Data Indicate the Risk of Prolonged Opioid Use After Hand and Upper Extremity Surgeries.The Journal of hand surgery · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo calculate the incidence and identify the predictors of persistent postoperative opioid use at different postoperative days. BACKGROUND DATA: A subset of surgical patients continues to use long-term opioids. The importance of the risk factors at different postoperative days is not known.
designA historical cohort.
settingPostoperative period. PATIENTS: Opioid-naive U.S. veterans.
interventionsThe surgical group had any one of 19 common invasive procedures. The control group is a 10% random sample. Each control was randomly assigned a surgery date. MEASUREMENTS: The outcomes were the presence of persistent opioid use as determined by continued filling of prescriptions for opioids on postoperative days 90, 180, 270, and 365. MAIN
resultsA total of 183,430 distinct surgical cases and 1,318,894 controls were identified. 1.0% of the surgical patients were using opioids at 90 days, 0.6% at 180 days, 0.4% at 270 days, and 0.1% at 365 days after the surgery. Surgery was strongly associated with postoperative persistent opioid use at day 90 (OR 3.67, 95% CI, 3.43-3.94, p < 0.001), at day 180 (OR 2.85, 2.67-3.12, p < 0.001), at day 270 (OR 2.63, 2.38-2.91, p < 0.001) and at day 365 (OR 2.11, 1.77-2.51, p < 0.001) compared to non-surgical controls. In risk factor analysis, being male and single were associated with persistent opioid use at earlier time points (90 and 180 days), while hepatitis C and preoperative benzodiazepine use were associated with persistent opioid use at later time points (270 and 365 days).
conclusionsMany surgeries or invasive procedures are associated with an increased risk of persistent postoperative opioid use. The postoperative period is dynamic and the risk factors change with time.
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