ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2021
Algorithm to identify transgender and gender nonbinary individuals among people living with HIV performs differently by age and ethnicity.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stigmatizing Language in Gender-Expansive Patient Records: Corpus Development, Disparity Analysis, and Natural Language Processing-Based Detection Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- PrEP Intentions, Heavy Substance Use, and Gender Affirmation among Black and Latine Transgender and Gender-Expansive Youth: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- A scoping review of models to identify transgender patients in electronic health records.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026Article
- When algorithms infer gender: revisiting computational phenotyping with electronic health records data.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Identification of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals in the All of Us Research Program, 2017-2022.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Intentions to Use PrEP Among a National Sample of Transgender and Gender-Expansive Youth and Emerging Adults: Examining Gender Minority Stress, Substance Use, and Gender Affirmation.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Sexual orientation, gender identity and virologic failure among people with HIV: a cohort study in all of US research program.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Re: "Determining the Sex Assigned at Birth of Transgender and Nonbinary Populations in Administrative Claims Databases Utilizing Diagnostic and Procedure Codes" by Haley et al.Transgender health · 2024Article
- Identifying and Characterizing the Transgender and Nonbinary Population Presenting to Pediatric Psychiatry Emergency Services.AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science · 2024Article
- A comparison of chronic conditions between transgender and cisgender individuals with recent incarceration and in the community in a United States county.International journal of transgender health · 2024Article
- The Health of Transmasculine Patients Compared With Cisgender Patients Treated With Hysterectomy in the U.S. South, 2014-2017.Annals of LGBTQ public and population health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeHIV research among transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) people is limited by lack of gender identity data collection. We designed an EHR-based algorithm to identify TGNB people among people living with HIV (PLWH) when gender identity was not systematically collected.
methodsWe applied EHR-based search criteria to all PLWH receiving care at a large urban health system between 1997 and 2017, then confirmed gender identity by chart review. We compared patient characteristics by gender identity and screening criteria, then calculated positive predictive values for each criterion.
resultsAmong 18,086 PLWH, 213 (1.2%) met criteria as potential TGNB patients and 178/213 were confirmed. Positive predictive values were highest for free-text keywords (91.7%) and diagnosis codes (77.4%). Confirmed TGNB patients were younger (median 32.5 vs. 42.5 years, P < .001) and less likely to be Hispanic (37.1% vs. 62.9%, P = .03) than unconfirmed patients. Among confirmed patients, 15% met criteria only for prospective gender identity data collection and were significantly older.
conclusionEHR-based criteria can identify TGNB PLWH, but success may differ by ethnicity and age. Retrospective versus intentional, prospective gender identity data collection may capture different patients. To reduce misclassification in epidemiologic studies, gender identity data collection should address these potential differences and be systematic and prospective.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.