ArticleCognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience2021
Developing adaptive control: Age-related differences in task choices and awareness of proactive and reactive control demands.
Article in Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adaptive habits: understanding executive function and its development.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2026Review
- Neural Oscillatory Markers of Voluntary Task Switching: Proactive Engagement of Self-Directed Control in Children and Adults.Developmental science · 2025Article
- Pharmacological Actions of Potassium Channel Openers on Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A short-term longitudinal study linking adolescents' metacognition, learning, and social friendship networks.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2025Article
- Sex-specific Alterations in the mRNA Expression of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) in the Rat Brain Following Prolonged Abstinence from Methamphetamine Self-administration.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Characterizing age-related change in learning the value of cognitive effort.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2025Article
- Perceptual Novelty Drives Early Exploration in a Bottom-Up Manner.Developmental science · 2025Article
- How attention and working memory work together in the pursuit of goals: The development of the sampling-remembering trade-off.Developmental review : DR · 2025Article
- The Extended Mind in Young Children: Cost-Dependent Trade-Off Between External and Internal Memory.Psychological science · 2025Article
- Adaptive cognitive control in 4 to 7-year-old children and potential effects of school-based yoga-mindfulness interventions: an exploratory study in Italy.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The reliability of assistance systems modulates the sense of control and acceptability of human operators.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Poorer sleep health is associated with altered brain activation during cognitive control processing in healthy adults.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Article
- Why doesn't executive function training improve academic achievement? Rethinking individual differences, relevance, and engagement from a contextual framework.Journal of cognition and development : official journal of the Cognitive Development Society · 2023Article
- Adaptive Cognitive Control in Prematurely Born Children: An HD-EEG Investigation.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Post-error slowing: Large scale study in an online learning environment for practising mathematics and language.Developmental science · 2022Article
- Six- to eight-year-olds' performance in the Heart and Flower task: Emerging proactive cognitive control.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Meta-control: From psychology to computational neuroscience.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2021Review
- Executive Functions in Social Context: Implications for Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Supporting Developmental Trajectories.Annual review of developmental psychology · 2021Article
- Adaptiveness in proactive control engagement in children and adults.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Developmental changes in executive function are often explained in terms of core cognitive processes and associated neural substrates. For example, younger children tend to engage control reactively in the moment as needed, whereas older children increasingly engage control proactively, in anticipation of needing it. Such developments may reflect increasing capacities for active maintenance dependent upon dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. However, younger children will engage proactive control when reactive control is made more difficult, suggesting that developmental changes may also reflect decisions about whether to engage control, and how. We tested awareness of temporal control demands and associated task choices in 5-year-olds and 10-year-olds and adults using a demand selection task. Participants chose between one task that enabled proactive control and another task that enabled reactive control. Adults reported awareness of these different control demands and preferentially played the proactive task option. Ten-year-olds reported awareness of control demands but selected task options at chance. Five-year-olds showed neither awareness nor task preference, but a subsample who exhibited awareness of control demands preferentially played the reactive task option, mirroring their typical control mode. Thus, developmental improvements in executive function may in part reflect better awareness of cognitive demands and adaptive behavior, which may in turn reflect changes in dorsal anterior cingulate in signaling task demands to lateral prefrontal cortex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.