ArticleAnnals of botany2021
The Cassandra retrotransposon landscape in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and related Amaranthaceae: recombination and re-shuffling lead to a high structural variability.
Article in Annals of botany, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hide and seek: de novo identification in sugar beet reveals impact of non-autonomous LTR retrotransposons.Mobile DNA · 2026Article
- Divergent landscapes and evolutionary trajectories of 5S rDNA and Cassandra retroelement in Saccharinae.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- BeetRepeats: reference sequences for genome and polymorphism annotation in sugar beet and wild relatives.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- The Dynamic Interplay Between Ribosomal DNA and Transposable Elements: A Perspective From Genomics and Cytogenetics.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Evolving Together: Cassandra Retrotransposons Gradually Mirror Promoter Mutations of the 5S rRNA Genes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Preparation of Mitotic Chromosomes with the Dropping Technique.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Complete pan-plastome sequences enable high resolution phylogenetic classification of sugar beet and closely related crop wild relatives.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Broken, silent, and in hiding: tamed endogenous pararetroviruses escape elimination from the genome of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris).Annals of botany · 2021Article
- Comparative Repeat Profiling of Two Closely Related Conifers (Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsPlant genomes contain many retrotransposons and their derivatives, which are subject to rapid sequence turnover. As non-autonomous retrotransposons do not encode any proteins, they experience reduced selective constraints leading to their diversification into multiple families, usually limited to a few closely related species. In contrast, the non-coding Cassandra terminal repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIMs) are widespread in many plants. Their hallmark is a conserved 5S rDNA-derived promoter in their long terminal repeats (LTRs). As sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) has a well-described LTR retrotransposon landscape, we aim to characterize TRIMs in beet and related genomes.
methodsWe identified Cassandra retrotransposons in the sugar beet reference genome and characterized their structural relationships. Genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and distribution of Cassandra-TRIMs across the Amaranthaceae were verified by Southern and fluorescent in situ hybridization. KEY
resultsAll 638 Cassandra sequences in the sugar beet genome contain conserved LTRs and thus constitute a single family. Nevertheless, variable internal regions required a subdivision into two Cassandra subfamilies within B. vulgaris. The related Chenopodium quinoa harbours a third subfamily. These subfamilies vary in their distribution within Amaranthaceae genomes, their insertion times and the degree of silencing by small RNAs. Cassandra retrotransposons gave rise to many structural variants, such as solo LTRs or tandemly arranged Cassandra retrotransposons. These Cassandra derivatives point to an interplay of template switch and recombination processes - mechanisms that likely caused Cassandra's subfamily formation and diversification.
conclusionsWe traced the evolution of Cassandra in the Amaranthaceae and detected a considerable variability within the short internal regions, whereas the LTRs are strongly conserved in sequence and length. Presumably these hallmarks make Cassandra a prime target for unequal recombination, resulting in the observed structural diversity, an example of the impact of LTR-mediated evolutionary mechanisms on the host genome.
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