ReviewPostgraduate medical journal2021
Review on therapeutic targets for COVID-19: insights from cytokine storm.
Review in Postgraduate medical journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Corticosteroids for hospitalized patients with severe/critical COVID-19: a retrospective study in Chongqing, China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Anti-Interleukins for Severe Coronavirus Disease-2019: Hype or Hope?Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2022Article
- Proteomic Analysis of Pleural Effusions from COVID-19 Deceased Patients: Enhanced Inflammatory Markers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Retinal Microvascular Impairment after COVID-19 and its Clinical Correlates Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Caspase-4/11 exacerbates disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection by promoting inflammation and immunothrombosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Immunosuppressant Therapies in COVID-19: Is the TNF Axis an Alternative?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Implications of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- A global picture: therapeutic perspectives for COVID-19.Immunotherapy · 2022Review
- Discovery and evolution of 12N-substituted aloperine derivatives as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents through targeting late entry stage.Bioorganic chemistry · 2021Article
- Thyroid and COVID-19: a review on pathophysiological, clinical and organizational aspects.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Review
- Covid-19 convalescent plasma therapy: Analyzing the factors that led to its failure in India.Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine · 2021Article
- Editorial: Tocilizumab, a Humanized Therapeutic IL-6 Receptor (IL-6R) Monoclonal Antibody, and Future Combination Therapies for Severe COVID-19.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2021Article
- Chemokines and chemokine receptors during COVID-19 infection.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been caused the greatest pandemic of our century. Many of the deaths related to it are due to a systemic inflammatory response, which has been called 'cytokine storm'.
objectivesWe developed a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology mechanisms of COVID-19 and of the rationale for drugs and therapeutics that have been tested in clinical trials.
methodsA narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, SciELO, Bireme, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.
resultsSARS-CoV-2 has evolutive mechanisms that made it spread all around the globe, as a higher latency period and a lesser lethality than other coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 causes a delay in the innate immune response and it disarranges the immune system leading to an overwhelming inflammatory reaction (the 'cytokine storm'). In this scenario, high levels of interleukins (IL), notably IL-6 and IL-1, create a positive feedback of chemokines and immune responses, and powers pulmonary and systemic tissue damage, leading to capillary leakage and SARS, the main cause of death in patients with COVID-19. On 17 July 2020, there were 1450 entries on ClinicalTrials.gov of ongoing studies on COVID-19. The mechanisms of the main therapeutic approaches were comprehensively reviewed throughout the text. Therapies focus on blocking viral entry (remdesivir, umifenovir, among others) and blocking of immune system for cytokine storm control (IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors, glucocorticoids, convalescent plasma, among others).
conclusionsUnderstanding of action mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 enables us to direct efforts on effective therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review helps to interpret the clinical results of the several trials ongoing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.