ArticleScience advances2020
Granzyme B nanoreporter for early monitoring of tumor response to immunotherapy.
Article in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- T-cell activity feedback-guided photothermal immunotherapy enabled by immune-responsive redox nanodots.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Protease-Triggered Chromogenic Release From Peptide-Modified Calcium Carbonate Microspheres Enables Colorimetric Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis Activity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bioorthogonal Fluorogenic Reporters for Noninvasive Imaging and Urinalysis of Immunotherapeutic Response in Renal Cell Carcinoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Enhancing Immunotherapeutic Response in Colorectal Cancer with a Neuropilin 1-Targeting Tumor-Penetrating Peptide.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Microfluidics engineered autologous nanovaccine for activating and visualizing antitumor activity.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Risk factors and mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Combination of a novel TCR Vβ chain-directed selective T cell activator with standard of care therapy for head and neck cancer improves antitumor responses and promotes regression of checkpoint-refractory tumor models.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Granzyme B-Targeting Quenched Activity-Based Probes for Assessing Tumor Response to Immunotherapy.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Granzyme B PET Imaging Enables Early Assessment of Immunotherapy Response in a Humanized Melanoma Mouse Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Granzyme B activated near-infrared-II ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for early detection of tumor response to immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Efficient colorimetric assay promotes the virtual screen of granzyme B inhibitors.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Harnessing Biomarker Activatable Probes for Early Stratification and Timely Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy in Cancer.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Ultrabright and ultrafast afterglow imaging in vivo via nanoparticles made of trianthracene derivatives.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Molecular probes for in vivo optical imaging of immune cells.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- AND-gated protease-activated nanosensors for programmable detection of anti-tumour immunity.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Article
- Stimuli-responsive linkers and their application in molecular imaging.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- An immunomodulating peptide with potential to suppress tumour growth and autoimmunity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Longitudinal high-dimensional analysis identifies immune features associating with response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Smart probes for optical imaging of T cells and screening of anti-cancer immunotherapies.Chemical Society reviews · 2023Review
- Enzyme-Instructed Aggregation/Dispersion of Fluorophores for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging In Vivo.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy, accurate monitoring of its efficacy is challenging due to heterogeneous immune responses. Conventional imaging techniques lack the sensitivity and specificity for early response assessment. In this study, we designed a granzyme B (GrB) nanoreporter (GNR) that can deliver an immune checkpoint inhibitor to the tumor and track time-sensitive GrB activity as a direct way to monitor initiation of effective immune responses. Anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody-conjugated GNRs inhibited PD-1/PD-L1 interactions efficiently and induced T cell-mediated GrB release that can be imaged using activatable imaging probe. GNRs enabled real-time immunotherapy response monitoring in a tumor-bearing mice model and distinguished between highly responsive and poorly responsive tumors. Furthermore, increasing doses resulted in a better response and enhanced sensitivity in poorly responsive tumors. These findings indicate that GNR has the potential to serve as a tool for sensitive and noninvasive evaluation of immunotherapy efficacy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.