ArticleOphthalmology. Glaucoma
Smoking Is Associated with Higher Intraocular Pressure Regardless of Glaucoma: A Retrospective Study of 12.5 Million Patients Using the Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS®) Registry.
Article in Ophthalmology. Glaucoma. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between alcohol and tobacco use and primary open-angle glaucoma: the Eyes of Africa study.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- Risk of Glaucoma after Pars Plana Vitrectomy in a Large Federated Health Record Network.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Predictors of Health Care Disparities in Fuchs Dystrophy Treatment Using the IRIS Registry.Cornea · 2026Article
- Effects of Daily Ambient Temperature on Intraocular Pressure: A Time-Series Analysis Using Generalized Additive and Distributed Lag Nonlinear Models.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Adult male-specific inverse association between dry eye disease and intraocular pressure: KNHANES 2010-2012.PloS one · 2025Article
- Former smoking as a risk factor for visual field progression in exfoliation glaucoma patients in Sweden.European journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Modeling complex age-related eye disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2024Review
- Smoking, Corneal Biomechanics, and Glaucoma: Results From Two Large Population-Based Cohorts.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with elevated intraocular pressure among apparently healthy adults.PloS one · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic and Visual Outcomes of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Uveitis: IRISClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Towards modifying the genetic predisposition for glaucoma: An overview of the contribution and interaction of genetic and environmental factors.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2023Review
- Race, Ethnicity, Insurance, and Population Density Associations with Pediatric Strabismus and Strabismic Amblyopia in the IRIS® Registry.Ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Through the Smoke: An In-Depth Review on Cigarette Smoking and Its Impact on Ocular Health.Cureus · 2023Review
- Smoking Is Associated With a Higher Risk of Surgical Intervention for Thyroid Eye Disease in the IRIS Registry.American journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and factors associated with cannabis use among patients with glaucoma in theHeliyon · 2023Article
- Predictors of Long-term Ophthalmic Complications after Closed Globe Injuries Using the Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS®) Registry.Ophthalmology science · 2023Article
- Prevalence of and Associated Factors for Eyelid Cancer in the American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight Registry.Ophthalmology science · 2023Article
- Genetic Associations Between Smoking- and Glaucoma-Related Traits.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Article
- Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Scleritis in the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) Database.Ophthalmology science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo compare the average intraocular pressure (IOP) among smokers, past smokers, and never smokers using the American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS®) Registry.
designRetrospective database study of the IRIS® Registry data.
participantsIntelligent Research in Sight Registry patients who were seen by an eye care provider during 2017.
methodsPatients were divided into current smoker, past smoker, and never smoker categories. The IOP was based on an average measurement, and separate analyses were performed in patients with and without a glaucoma diagnosis based on International Classification of Diseases (Ninth Edition and Tenth Edition) codes. Stratified, descriptive statistics by glaucoma status were determined, and the relationship between smoking and IOP was assessed with a multivariate linear regression model.
main outcome measuresMean IOP.
resultsA total of 12 535 013 patients were included. Compared with never smokers, current and past smokers showed a statistically significantly higher IOP by 0.92 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.95 mmHg) and 0.77 mmHg (95% CI, 0.75-0.79 mmHg), respectively, after adjusting for age, gender, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma surgery, cataract surgery, and first-order interactions. In addition, the difference in IOP between current and never smokers was the highest in the fourth decade, regardless of the glaucoma status (glaucoma group, 1.14 mmHg [95% CI, 1.00-1.29 mmHg]; without glaucoma group, 0.68 mmHg [95% CI, 0.65-0.71 mmHg]).
conclusionsCurrent smokers and past smokers have higher IOP than patients who never smoked. This difference is higher in patients with an underlying glaucoma diagnosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.