ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2020
Exploring the Benefits of Virtual Reality-Assisted Therapy Following Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Auditory Hallucinations in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Proof of Concept.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial Interventions in the Rehabilitation and the Management of Psychosis and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review on Digitally-Delivered Interventions.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Pooled it
- The use of virtual reality and augmented reality in psychosocial rehabilitation for adults with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of XRET in reducing anxiety symptoms and secondary effects on depression in adolescents with depressive disorder: a prospective non-randomized study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Relational Therapies for People Who Hear Voices: Operationalisation and Current Status of an Emergent Group of Psychological Therapies.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Review
- Article
- Application of Immersive Virtual Reality for Assessment and Intervention in Psychosis: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients having followed virtual reality therapy or cognitive behavioural therapy: a content analysis.Annals of medicine · 2022Article
- The Use of Virtual Reality Technology in the Treatment of Psychopathological Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Feasibility and Efficacy of Virtual Reality Interventions to Improve Psychosocial Functioning in Psychosis: Systematic Review.JMIR mental health · 2022Review
- Extended Reality for Enhanced Telehealth During and Beyond COVID-19: Viewpoint.JMIR serious games · 2021Article
- Facial Affect Recognition by Patients with Schizophrenia Using Human Avatars.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCombining cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for psychosis with another psychosocial intervention comprising virtual reality (VR)-assisted therapy (VRT) may improve targeted outcomes in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients.
methodsTen participants having followed CBT were part of our comparative clinical trial comparing VRT to CBT and were selected at the end of the study as they desired to continue to achieve improvements with VRT (CBT + VRT). Clinical assessments were administered before/after treatments and at follow-ups. Changes in outcomes were examined using linear mixed-effects models. To gain a more in depth understanding on CBT + VRT, therapists' notes, and open interviews on a sub-group of patients were qualitatively analyzed.
resultsFindings showed that the sequence of both interventions was appreciated by all patients. Several significant improvements were found throughout time points on auditory verbal hallucinations, beliefs about voices, depressive symptoms, symptoms of schizophrenia and quality of life. Although most of these improvements were in similar range to those observed in our comparative trial, effects of CBT + VRT on depressive symptoms and symptoms of schizophrenia were larger than those found for either intervention alone.
conclusionThis proof of concept is the first to merge gold-standard CBT with VRT for treatment refractory voices and to suggest a certain synergistic effect.
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Registered trials
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