ReviewNutrients2020
Macrophage Polarization and Osteoporosis: A Review.
Review in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 206 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
206 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 352 citations in OpenAlex.
- The predictive value of immune inflammation indexes for the risk of fracture in patients with osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Advances in the research of the role of macrophage/microglia polarization-mediated inflammatory response in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Atractylenolide III attenuates age-related vertebral bone loss by suppressing macrophage inflammation and osteoclastogenesis.Bone reports · 2026Article
- Bone microenvironment-driven macro-galvanic coupling of Zn alloys: Mediating immune response and osteogenesis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- MIR31HG Modulates IL-4 Secretion by Keratinocytes and M2-Like Macrophage Polarization to Promote Local Immunosuppression in Condyloma Acuminata.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2026Article
- Near-Infrared-Induced Hydrophobic Characteristic of Black TiOJournal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- A barrier-centered perspective on the gut-barrier-bone axis: a review of the core role of the intestinal barrier and related probiotics with nanocoatings.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- New Immunological Insights into Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Multidimensional Reappraisal from Molecular Switches to Clinical Phenotypes.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Immunometabolic Remodeling in Osteosarcopenia: Inflammaging, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Gut-Derived Metabolites and Therapeutic Opportunities.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Ion-Driven Regulation of CaAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Tri-modal nanocatalytic microenvironment regulations for macrophage reprogramming and osteoporotic fracture healing promotion.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Macrophage-MSCs Interplay in Orthodontic Bone Remodelling: Mechanics-Immunity-Stem Cell Axis.International dental journal · 2026Review
- Heat shock protein-mediated remodeling of the bone immune microenvironment: mechanisms and precision therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- An immunomodulatory bioactive glass orchestrates early bone healing via coordinated macrophage polarization and osteogenesis-osteolysis balance.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Metal-based nanoparticles for reprogramming macrophage polarization: Advances in immunomodulatory nanotherapeutics.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Macrophage polarization-related genes with potential causal roles in osteoporosis: a multi-omics Mendelian randomization study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- M-CSF priming enhances the efficiency and reproducibility of hiPSC-derived osteoclast differentiation and pharmacological responsiveness to anti-resorptive agents.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Immunometabolism of macrophages in the bone microenvironment: a new perspective for bone healing therapy.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Graphene-Based 3D Scaffolds in Bone Regeneration: Emerging Opportunities for MRONJ Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Luteolin reprograms macrophage polarization via the STING-TBK1 pathway to accelerate bone repair.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Article
146 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide. Individuals with osteoporosis have increased rates of bone resorption while simultaneously having impaired osteogenesis. Most current treatments for osteoporosis focus on anti-resorptive methods to prevent further bone loss. However, it is important to identify safe and cost-efficient treatments that not only inhibit bone resorption, but also stimulate anabolic mechanisms to upregulate osteogenesis. Recent data suggest that macrophage polarization may contribute to osteoblast differentiation and increased osteogenesis as well as bone mineralization. Macrophages exist in two major polarization states, classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2) macrophages. The polarization state of macrophages is dependent on molecules in the microenvironment including several cytokines and chemokines. Mechanistically, M2 macrophages secrete osteogenic factors that stimulate the differentiation and activation of pre-osteoblastic cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC's), and subsequently increase bone mineralization. In this review, we cover the mechanisms by which M2 macrophages contribute to osteogenesis and postulate the hypothesis that regulating macrophage polarization states may be a potential treatment for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.