ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2021
Neurocognitive and functional heterogeneity in depressed youth.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Executive functioning in adolescents with internalizing disorders: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Untangling relationships between cognitive development and child and adolescent mental health: Findings from the ABCD Study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Review
- Neuroanatomical Subtypes of Callous-Unemotional Traits in a Community Sample of Youth.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Depression as a Disease of White Matter Network Disruption: Learning From Multiple Sclerosis.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- The relationship between cognitive impairment and acoustic features in major depressive disorder: a longitudinal cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Childhood trauma exposure, working memory updating, and exercise experience in adolescents with major depressive disorder.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Cognitive heterogeneity in major depressive disorder: classification by IQ trajectory and multimodal neuroimaging profiles.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Disorganization of Small-World Functional Brain Networks in First-Episode, Treatment-Naïve Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Verbal memory in major depressive disorder in a long-term perspective: a five-year longitudinal study of first episode patients.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Mapping the Relationship of White Matter Lesions to Depression in Multiple Sclerosis.Biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- Remote assessment of the Penn computerised neurocognitive battery in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2024Article
- Revealing complexity: segmentation of hippocampal subfields in adolescents with major depressive disorder reveals specific links to cognitive dysfunctions.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024Article
- Distinct neurocognitive profiles and clinical phenotypes associated with copy number variation at the 22q11.2 locus.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2023Article
- Mapping the relationship of white matter lesions to depression in multiple sclerosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Effects and Mechanisms of Synaptotagmin-7 in the Hippocampus on Cognitive Impairment in Aging Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Modeling Individual Differences in Brain Development.Biological psychiatry · 2020Review
- Assessment of memory deficits in psychiatric disorders: A systematic literature review.Journal of neurosciences in rural practiceReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric illness that often begins in youth, and is sometimes associated with cognitive deficits. However, there is significant variability in cognitive dysfunction, likely reflecting biological heterogeneity. We sought to identify neurocognitive subtypes and their neurofunctional signatures in a large cross-sectional sample of depressed youth. Participants were drawn from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, including 712 youth with a lifetime history of a major depressive episode and 712 typically developing (TD) youth matched on age and sex. A subset (MDD n = 368, TD n = 200) also completed neuroimaging. Cognition was assessed with the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery. A recently developed semi-supervised machine learning algorithm was used to delineate neurocognitive subtypes. Subtypes were evaluated for differences in both clinical psychopathology and brain activation during an n-back working memory fMRI task. We identified three neurocognitive subtypes in the depressed group. Subtype 1 was high-performing (high accuracy, moderate speed), Subtype 2 was cognitively impaired (low accuracy, slow speed), and Subtype 3 was impulsive (low accuracy, fast speed). While subtypes did not differ in clinical psychopathology, they diverged in their activation profiles in regions critical for executive function, which mirrored differences in cognition. Taken together, these data suggest disparate mechanisms of cognitive vulnerability and resilience in depressed youth, which may inform the identification of biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.