Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33007626›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021

Depressed, anxious, and stressed: What have healthcare workers on the frontlines in Egypt and Saudi Arabia experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Ahmed Arafa, Zeinab Mohammed, Omaima Mahmoud, Momen Elshazley, Ashraf Ewis

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
98citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

98 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  6. Prevalence of Psychological Impacts on Healthcare Providers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
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38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ahmed ArafaDepartment of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. Electronic address: ahmed011172@med.bsu.edu.eg.
Zeinab MohammedDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Omaima MahmoudDepartment of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Momen ElshazleyDepartment of Medicine, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
Ashraf EwisDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt; Department of Public Health and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences - AlQunfudah, Umm AlQura University, Meccah, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAs the Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) was declared by the world health organization a pandemic in March 2020, thousands of healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide were on the frontlines fighting against the pandemic. Herein, we selected two Middle East countries; Egypt and Saudi Arabia to investigate the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on their HCWs.

methodsIn this cross-sectional study, a Google survey was used to access HCWs in many hospitals in Egypt and Saudi Arabia between the 14th and 24th of April 2020. The survey assessed HCWs regarding their sociodemographic and occupational features, sleeping hours, and psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).

resultsThis study included 426 HCWs (48.4% physicians, 24.2% nurses, and 27.4% other HCWs). Of them, 69% had depression, 58.9% had anxiety, 55.9% had stress, and 37.3% had inadequate sleeping (<6 h/day). Female sex, age ≤30 years, working in Egypt, attending emergency and night shifts, watching/reading COVID-19 news ≥2 h/day, and not getting emotional support from family, society, and hospital were associated with a high likelihood of depression, anxiety, stress, and inadequate sleeping. LIMITATIONS: the cross-sectional design restricted our ability to distinguish between preexisting and emerging psychological symptoms.

conclusionHCWs on the frontlines in Egypt and Saudi Arabia experienced depression, anxiety, stress, and inadequate sleeping during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAge FactorsAnxiety DisordersCOVID-19Cross-Sectional StudiesDepressive DisorderEgyptFemaleHealth PersonnelHumansMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsSaudi ArabiaSex FactorsAnxietyCOVID-19DepressionHealthcare workersSleeping hoursStress

Identifiers

PMID33007626
PMCPMC7831891

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.