ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2021
Incidence, Incident Causes, and Risk Factors of Visual Impairment and Blindness in a Rural Population in India: 15-Year Follow-up of the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study.
Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers and Enablers to Seeking Eye Care Among the Adult Indian Population: A Systematic Review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Pooled it
- Twelve-Year Incidence, Causes, and Determinants of Visual Impairment and Visual Improvement in a Multiethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Tracer Techniques in Ophthalmology: Ocular Applications and Systemic Connections.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Vision loss, disability and multimorbidity among older people in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in South India: the longitudinal eye health, ageing and disability study (LEADS) - study protocol.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Financial vulnerability of the elderly population undergoing cataract surgery within a distributed eye care delivery system in India (2011-2022): a multicentre, retrospective cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Incidence of primary open angle glaucoma in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS).Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Gene Therapy for Inherited Retinal Diseases: From Laboratory Bench to Patient Bedside and Beyond.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Review
- Global, regional, and national burdens of intraocular foreign bodies in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: a trend analysis.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Six-Year Incidence of Visual Impairment in a Multiethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.Ophthalmology science · 2023Article
- Incidence, causes and risk factors of vision loss in rural Southern China: 6-year follow-up of the Yangxi Eye Study.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Regional variation in the incidence of pseudo-exfoliation in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS).Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Training partnerships between United States and Indian eye institutions.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Visual impairment and blindness due to retinitis pigmentosa in India: 15-year follow-up of the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study cohort.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Commentary: Decoding genetic retinal diseases research in India.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Vision centre helps reduce blindness and vision impairment. Proof of concept in a four-year longitudinal study in an urban area in India.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Prevalence, Causes, and Risk Factors of Visual Impairment in Emiratis and Non-Emiratis of Dubai: A Subnational Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo report 15-year incidence rate of visual loss (blindness and visual impairment [VI]), causes, and risk factors for participants in Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study III (APEDS III).
designPopulation-based cohort study.
methodsFrom 2012 to 2016, all rural participants were interviewed and underwent a comprehensive eye examination, including dilated fundus examination and imaging. Presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured using a standard logarithm of Minimum Angle of Resolution chart at 3 meters. World Health Organization (WHO) and United States of America (USA) categories of VI and blindness were used. Incident visual loss was defined as the development of or worsening of visual loss of one or more categories.
resultsIn APEDS I, 7,771 rural participants were examined using stratified, random-cluster systematic sampling; in APEDS III, 5,395 participants (69.4% of rural or 52.4% of total participants) were re-examined. Using WHO categories, the crude incidence rate of any visual loss based on PVA and BCVA were 14.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]:13.6-15.7) and 6.3 (95% CI: 6.1-6.4) per 100 person-years, respectively. Using USA criteria, the values were 22.6 (95% CI: 22.3-23.0) and 10.6 (95% CI: 10.3-10.8) per 100 person-years, respectively. More than 90% of visual loss was attributable to cataract and uncorrected refractive error. Using WHO categories, significant independent risk factors for the incident visual loss were increasing age, female gender, illiteracy, past or current smoker, and current use of alcohol. Using the USA definition, an additional risk factor was lower level of education.
conclusionsThe high incidence likely reflects poor access to eye care in this population, which needs to be taken into account when planning eye care programs.
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