ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2020
Brain TSPO-PET predicts later disease progression independent of relapses in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkers for disease progression in Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of Oral Cladribine on TSPO-PET-Measurable Immune Cell Activation in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Baseline Neuroinflammation Stratifies TSPO-PET Response to Disease-Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Multi-dimensional decoding of the TSPO signal in animal models of neuroinflammation using fluorescence-conjugated DPA714.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- The test-retest reproducibility of [EJNMMI research · 2026Article
- Hyperreflective Foci in the Inner Nuclear Layer: Proof-of-Concept for an Optical Coherence Tomography Derived Microglia-Related Marker in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Network-based disease fingerprinting with neuroinflammation PET imaging.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Role of Microglial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: From Multifactorial Causes to Neurodegeneration.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Translational molecular imaging and drug development in multiple sclerosis.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Zuo Gui Wan Promotes Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis by Attenuating MAPK-Mediated Microglial M1 Polarization, an Integrated Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Subcortical microglial inflammation is uniquely linked to subpial cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Article
- Imaging brain inflammation and blood brain barrier permeability in neurological and psychiatric diseases: a review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Varying Levels of Inflammatory Activity in Brain and Body of Patients with Persistent Fatigue and Difficulty Concentrating After COVID-19: A TSPO PET Study.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2025Article
- Microglia from patients with multiple sclerosis display a cell-autonomous immune activation state.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Network-based disease fingerprinting with neuroinflammation PET imaging.Research square · 2025Article
- Progression Independent of the Triggering Event in Neurologic Diseases.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- A scoping review on potential of novel developments in fever of unknown origin and inflammation of unknown origin: long-axial-field-of-view positron emission tomography/computed tomography and novel radiotracers.The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of... · 2025Article
- A focus on the normal-appearing white and gray matter within the multiple sclerosis brain: a link to smoldering progression.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Review
- Longitudinal accumulation of glial activation measured by TSPO-PET predicts later brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- New Horizons for Multiple Sclerosis Therapy: 2025 and Beyond.Annals of neurology · 2025Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Overactivation of microglia is associated with most neurodegenerative diseases. In this study we examined whether PET-measurable innate immune cell activation predicts multiple sclerosis disease progression. Activation of microglia/macrophages was measured using the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO)-binding radioligand 11C-PK11195 and PET imaging in 69 patients with multiple sclerosis and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Radioligand binding was evaluated as the distribution volume ratio from dynamic PET images. Conventional MRI and disability measurements using the Expanded Disability Status Scale were performed for patients at baseline and 4.1 ± 1.9 (mean ± standard deviation) years later. Fifty-one (74%) of the patients were free of relapses during the follow-up period. Patients had increased activation of innate immune cells in the normal-appearing white matter and in the thalamus compared to the healthy control group (P = 0.033 and P = 0.003, respectively, Wilcoxon). Forward-type stepwise logistic regression was used to assess the best variables predicting disease progression. Baseline innate immune cell activation in the normal-appearing white matter was a significant predictor of later progression when the entire multiple sclerosis cohort was assessed [odds ratio (OR) = 4.26; P = 0.048]. In the patient subgroup free of relapses there was an association between macrophage/microglia activation in the perilesional normal-appearing white matter and disease progression (OR = 4.57; P = 0.013). None of the conventional MRI parameters measured at baseline associated with later progression. Our results strongly suggest that innate immune cell activation contributes to the diffuse neural damage leading to multiple sclerosis disease progression independent of relapses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.