ArticleJournal of radiation research2021
Changes in peripheral immune cells after intraoperative radiation therapy in low-risk breast cancer.
Article in Journal of radiation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Radiation to Immune Response: A Systematic Review of Systemic Immunomodulation in Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Pooled it
- Changes in T Lymphocyte Subsets in Different Tumors Before and After Radiotherapy: A Meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Intraoperative radiotherapy in elderly patients with breast cancer: long-term follow-up results of the prospective phase II trial TARGIT-E.BMC cancer · 2025Trial
- Modulation of HMGB1, PRF1, TRAIL, and M-CSF after TARGIT-IORT in breast-conserving surgery: defining a unique acute immune landscape.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Intraoperative Radiation for Pancreatic Cancer.Seminars in radiation oncology · 2025Review
- Landscape of the Peripheral Immune Response Induced by Intraoperative Radiotherapy Combined with Surgery in Early Breast Cancer Patients.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Intratumoral radiation dose heterogeneity augments antitumor immunity in mice and primes responses to checkpoint blockade.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- Radiation Therapy and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Breaking Down Their Cancerous Partnership.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2024Review
- Circulating Leukocyte Subsets Before and After a Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Biological effects of intraoperative radiation therapy: histopathological changes and immunomodulation in breast cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Long-term outcomes of metastasis-directed stereotactic body radiation therapy in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Brachytherapy for targeting the immune system in cervical cancer patients.BMC immunology · 2023Article
- Opportunities and Alternatives of Modern Radiation Oncology and Surgery for the Management of Resectable Brain Metastases.Cancers · 2023Review
- Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy in 3 Fractions Induces a Favorable Systemic Immune Cell Profiling in Prostate Cancer Patients.Oncoimmunology · 2023Article
- Intraoperative radiation therapy for locally advanced and recurrent head and neck cancer.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2022Article
- Review
- Leveraging the Dynamic Immune Environment Triad in Patients with Breast Cancer: Tumour, Lymph Node, and Peripheral Blood.Cancers · 2022Review
- Effectiveness and safety of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with low-energy X-rays (INTRABEAMClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2022Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of an International Cooperative Study of Intraoperative Radiotherapy Upfront Boost With Low Energy X-Rays in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Lattice or Oxygen-Guided Radiotherapy: What If They Converge? Possible Future Directions in the Era of Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the interactions and the best dose-fractionation scheme of radiation to maximize antitumor immunity have not been fully established. In this study, the effect on the host immune system of a single dose of 20 Gy through intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) on the surgical bed in low-risk breast cancer patients undergoing conserving breast cancer has been assessed. Peripheral blood samples from 13 patients were collected preoperatively and at 48 h and 3 and 10 weeks after the administration of radiation. We performed a flow cytometry analysis for lymphocyte subpopulations, natural killer cells (NK), regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We observed that the subpopulation of NK CD56+high CD16+ increased significantly at 3 weeks after IORT (0.30-0.42%, P < 0.001), while no changes were found in immunosuppressive profile, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Helios+ Treg cells, granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) and monocytic MDSCs (Mo-MDSCs). A single dose of IORT may be an effective approach to improve antitumor immunity based on the increase in NK cells and the non-stimulation of immunosuppressive cells involved in immune escape. These findings support future combinations of IORT with immunotherapy, if they are confirmed in a large cohort of breast cancer patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.