ArticleFrontiers in chemistry2020
Ionomers From Kraft Lignin for Renewable Energy Applications.
Article in Frontiers in chemistry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enhancing Ionic Transport in Green Gel Polymer Electrolytes Based on Alginate/Lignin/NaACS omega · 2026Article
- Laying the Foundation for Digital Material Design of Porous Transport Electrodes for PEM Water Electrolysis With Multiscale Tomography.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Cellulose-Based Ion Exchange Membranes for Electrochemical Energy Systems: A Review.Membranes · 2025Review
- Unravel-engineer-design: a three-pronged approach to advance ionomer performance at interfaces in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- Synthesis, Characterization, and Proton Conductivity of Muconic Acid-Based Polyamides Bearing Sulfonated Moieties.Polymers · 2023Article
- Molecular-Level Control over Ionic Conduction and Ionic Current Direction by Designing Macrocycle-Based Ionomers.JACS Au · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Converting industrial/agricultural lignin-rich wastes to efficient, cost-effective materials for electrochemical devices (e.g., fuel cells) can aid in both bio- and energy economy. A major limitation of fuel cells is the weak ion conductivity within the ~2-30-nm thick, ion-conducting polymer (ionomer)-based catalyst-binder layer over electrodes. Here, we strategically sulfonated kraft lignin (a by-product of pulp and paper industries) to design ionomers with varied ion exchange capacities (IECs) (LS x; x = IEC) that can potentially overcome this interfacial ion conduction limitation. We measured the ion conductivity, water uptake, ionic domain characteristics, density, and predicted the water mobility/stiffness of Nafion, LS 1.6, and LS 3.1 in submicron-thick hydrated films. LS 1.6 showed ion conductivity an order of magnitude higher than Nafion and LS 3.1 in films with similar thickness. The ion conductivity of these films was not correlated to their water uptake and IECs. Within the three-dimensional, less dense, branched architecture of LS 1.6 macromolecules, the -SO
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