ArticleNature protocols2020
A generalized workflow for conducting electric field-optimized, fMRI-guided, transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Article in Nature protocols, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Facilitate Post-stroke Cognitive Rehabilitation? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of high-definition tDCS targeting individual motor hotspot with EMG-driven robotic hand training on upper extremity motor function: a pilot randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Intermittent theta-burst stimulation to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may increase potentiated startle in healthy individuals.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- TMS-induced modulation of brain networks and its associations to rTMS treatment for depression: a concurrent fMRI-EEG-TMS study.Brain stimulationTrial
- Prospective Development of a Whole-Brain Connectivity and Electric Field-Guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Atlas for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Excessive Censoring Degrades Individual-Specific Cortical Parcellations and Personalized TMS Targets.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A mechanistic trial of the neurobiology of extinction learning and intraparietal sulcus stimulation: Protocol.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Applications and potential mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation in autism spectrum disorders.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The Philadelphia Theta Burst Project: A novel fMRI-guided electric field modeling dataset with reliability metrics.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for substance use disorders and chronic pain: A review of the evidence and call for increased mechanistic understanding.Current addiction reports · 2025Article
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Neuronavigation for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Mood Disorders: Technical Foundation, Advances, and Emerging Tools.Human brain mapping · 2025Review
- Precision Neuromodulation with Real-Time Brain Decoding for Working Memory Enhancement.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Stimulation Effects Mapping for Optimizing Coil Placement for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.Neuroinformatics · 2025Article
- TMS-induced modulation of brain networks and its associations to rTMS treatment for depression: a concurrent fMRI-EEG-TMS study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Neuromodulatory transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) changes functional connectivity proportional to the electric-field induced by the TMS pulse.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- A New Angle on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil Orientation: A Targeted Narrative Review.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2024Review
- Interleaved TMS/fMRI shows that threat decreases dlPFC-mediated top-down regulation of emotion processing.NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience · 2024Article
- Electric Field Modeling in Personalizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Interventions.Biological psychiatry · 2024Review
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: current evidence, methodological advances, limitations and future directions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2024Article
- Accelerated TMS - moving quickly into the future of depression treatment.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method to stimulate the cerebral cortex that has applications in psychiatry, such as in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Although many TMS targeting methods that use figure-8 coils exist, many do not account for individual differences in anatomy or are not generalizable across target sites. This protocol combines functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and iterative electric-field (E-field) modeling in a generalized approach to subject-specific TMS targeting that is capable of optimizing the stimulation site and TMS coil orientation. To apply this protocol, the user should (i) operationally define a region of interest (ROI), (ii) generate the head model from the structural MRI data, (iii) preprocess the functional MRI data, (iv) identify the single-subject stimulation site within the ROI, and (iv) conduct E-field modeling to identify the optimal coil orientation. In comparison with standard targeting methods, this approach demonstrates (i) reduced variability in the stimulation site across subjects, (ii) reduced scalp-to-cortical-target distance, and (iii) reduced variability in optimal coil orientation. Execution of this protocol requires intermediate-level skills in structural and functional MRI processing. This protocol takes ~24 h to complete and demonstrates how constrained fMRI targeting combined with iterative E-field modeling can be used as a general method to optimize both the TMS coil site and its orientation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.