ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2020
HIV Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir Impairs Endothelial Function Via Reduction in Adipose Mass and Endothelial Leptin Receptor-Dependent Increases in NADPH Oxidase 1 (Nox1), C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5), and Inflammation.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in patients with COVID-19 infection: is there a link? A systematic review and case report analysis.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- CCR5/CCL5-Dependent Mitochondrial Dysfunction Contributes to Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Impairment in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Nox1-Derived ROS Amplifies Calcium Entry and Enhances Pneumolysin-Induced Lung Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction in Hyperglycemia.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Targeting vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction with nanobodies: emerging therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Chemokine receptors in vascular biology: a review of current evidence, implications, and therapeutic targets for hypertension.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Review
- Role of HIV-encoded proteins in cardiovascular disease.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Review
- Adipose Tissue-Derived Adipokines in Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology: Insights and Implications.Comprehensive Physiology · 2025Review
- Vascular Contractility Relies on Integrity of Progranulin Pathway: Insights Into Mitochondrial Function.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- CCL5 Induces a Sarcopenic-like Phenotype via the CCR5 Receptor.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Complications in People Living with HIV: A Focused Review.Infectious disease reports · 2024Review
- Exercise to Prevent Accelerated Vascular Aging in People Living With HIV.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Role of the CCL5 and Its Receptor, CCR5, in the Genesis of Aldosterone-Induced Hypertension, Vascular Dysfunction, and End-Organ Damage.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Article
- Pathophysiology and Clinical Management of Dyslipidemia in People Living with HIV: Sailing through Rough Seas.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The interaction of Synapsin 2a and Synaptogyrin-3 regulates fear extinction in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Biological Depiction of Lipodystrophy and Its Associated Challenges Among HIV AIDS Patients: Literature Review.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Adjusted vascular contractility relies on integrity of progranulin pathway: Insights into mitochondrial function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Progranulin Maintains Blood Pressure and Vascular Tone Dependent on EphrinA2 and Sortilin1 Receptors and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Adipokines: Deciphering the cardiovascular signature of adipose tissue.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Endothelial leptin receptor is dispensable for leptin-induced sympatho-activation and hypertension in male mice.Vascular pharmacology · 2022Article
- HIV, Combination Antiretroviral Therapy, and Vascular Diseases in Men and Women.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of death in patients with human immunodeficiency virus on combination antiretroviral therapy. Although the use of the protease inhibitor ritonavir has been associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease, the underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that ritonavir-mediated lipoatrophy causes endothelial dysfunction via reducing endothelial leptin signaling. Methods and Results Long-term (4 weeks) but not short-term (3 days) treatment with ritonavir reduced body weight, fat mass, and leptin levels and induced endothelial dysfunction in mice. Moreover, ritonavir increased vascular NADPH oxidase 1, aortic H
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.