ReviewFrontiers in neuroendocrinology2021
The scientific body of knowledge - Whose body does it serve? A spotlight on oral contraceptives and women's health factors in neuroimaging.
Review in Frontiers in neuroendocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormonal contraceptives and the brain: A systematic review on 60 years of neuroimaging, EEG, and biochemical studies in humans and animals.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- One-week escitalopram intake alters the excitation-inhibition balance in the healthy female brain.Human brain mapping · 2022Trial
- Menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of Alzheimer's disease in elderly women: a cohort study in Eastern China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Consideration of sex as a biological variable over the history of the 5xFAD Alzheimer's Disease mouse model.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Hormonal contraceptives during adolescence impact the female brain and behavior in a rat model.Hormones and behavior · 2025Article
- Leveraging research into sex differences and steroid hormones to improve brain health.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Persistent subclinical renal injury in female rats following renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Article
- Considering the interconnected nature of social identities in neuroimaging research.Nature neuroscience · 2025Review
- Idiosyncrasy and generalizability of contraceptive- and hormone-related functional connectomes across the menstrual cycle.Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal neuroanatomical increases from early to one-year postpartum.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
- Beyond Birth Control: The Neuroscience of Hormonal Contraceptives.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Menstrual cycle-driven hormone concentrations co-fluctuate with white and gray matter architecture changes across the whole brain.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Functional brain networks are associated with both sex and gender in children.Science advances · 2024Article
- Longitudinal associations of reproductive factors and exogeneous estrogens with neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Neuroanatomical Increases from Early to One-Year Postpartum.Research square · 2024Article
- Modeling brain sex in the limbic system as phenotype for female-prevalent mental disorders.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- The Necessity of Taking Culture and Context into Account When Studying the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Brain Development.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Metabolic hormones are integral regulators of female reproductive health and function.Bioscience reports · 2024Review
- Associations of reproductive factors and exogenous estrogens with global and domain-specific cognition in later life.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- New Frontiers for the Understanding of Aging: The Power and Possibilities of Studying the Cerebellum.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Women constitute half of the world's population, yet neuroscience research does not serve the sexes equally. Fifty years of preclinical animal evidence documents the tightly-coupled relationship between our endocrine and nervous systems, yet human neuroimaging studies rarely consider how endocrine factors shape the structural and functional architecture of the human brain. Here, we quantify several blind spots in neuroimaging research, which overlooks aspects of the human condition that impact women's health (e.g. the menstrual cycle, hormonal contraceptives, pregnancy, menopause). Next, we illuminate potential consequences of this oversight: today over 100 million women use oral hormonal contraceptives, yet relatively few investigations have systematically examined whether disrupting endogenous hormone production impacts the brain. We close by presenting a roadmap for progress, highlighting the University of California Women's Brain Initiative which is addressing unmet needs in women's health research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.