ArticleToxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology2020
Progressive Lung Injury, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Rats Following Inhalation of Sulfur Mustard.
Article in Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies for pulmonary diseases: An Update and Concise Review.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Expressions of apoptotic protein and gene following sulfur mustard-induced acute pulmonary injuries in rats.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress: An Intersection Between Radiation and Sulfur Mustard Lung Injury.Disaster medicine and public health preparedness · 2024Article
- Identification of early events in nitrogen mustard pulmonary toxicity that are independent of infiltrating inflammatory cells using precision cut lung slices.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2024Article
- Suppression of Lung Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis following Nitrogen Mustard Exposure by the Selective Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist Obeticholic Acid.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Countermeasures against Pulmonary Threat Agents.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Review
- Overlapping Science in Radiation and Sulfur Mustard Exposures of Skin and Lung: Consideration of Models, Mechanisms, Organ Systems, and Medical Countermeasures: Overlapping science in radiation and sulfur mustard injuries to lung and skin.Disaster medicine and public health preparedness · 2023Article
- Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha to Mitigate Lung Injury Induced by Mustard Vesicants and Radiation.Disaster medicine and public health preparedness · 2023Review
- Lung injury and oxidative stress induced by inhaled chlorine in mice is associated with proinflammatory activation of macrophages and altered bioenergetics.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2023Article
- Melatonin as Modulator for Sulfur and Nitrogen Mustard-Induced Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage: Molecular Therapeutics.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A review of chemical warfare agents linked to respiratory and neurological effects experienced in Gulf War Illness.Inhalation toxicology · 2022Review
- Mast Cells Promote Nitrogen Mustard-Mediated Toxicity in the Lung Associated With Proinflammatory Cytokine and Bioactive Lipid Mediator Production.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2021Article
- Pulmonary injury and oxidative stress in rats induced by inhaled sulfur mustard is ameliorated by anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2021Article
- Pulmonary toxicants and fibrosis: innate and adaptive immune mechanisms.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2020Review
- A novel sulfur mustard (HD) vapor inhalation exposure model of pulmonary toxicity for the efficacy evaluation of candidate medical countermeasures.Inhalation toxicologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) inhalation causes debilitating pulmonary injury in humans which progresses to fibrosis. Herein, we developed a rat model of SM toxicity which parallels pathological changes in the respiratory tract observed in humans. SM vapor inhalation caused dose (0.2-0.6 mg/kg)-related damage to the respiratory tract within 3 days of exposure. At 0.4-0.6 mg/kg, ulceration of the proximal bronchioles, edema and inflammation were observed, along with a proteinaceous exudate containing inflammatory cells in alveolar regions. Time course studies revealed that the pathologic response was biphasic. Thus, changes observed at 3 days post-SM were reduced at 7-16 days; this was followed by more robust aberrations at 28 days, including epithelial necrosis and hyperplasia in the distal bronchioles, thickened alveolar walls, enlarged vacuolated macrophages, and interstitial fibrosis. Histopathologic changes were correlated with biphasic increases in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell and protein content and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Proinflammatory proteins receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE), high-mobility group box protein (HMGB)-1, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 also increased in a biphasic manner following SM inhalation, along with surfactant protein-D (SP-D). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inflammatory proteins implicated in mustard lung toxicity, and the proinflammatory/profibrotic protein, galectin (Gal)-3, were upregulated in alveolar macrophages and in bronchiolar regions at 3 and 28 days post-SM. Inflammatory changes in the lung were associated with oxidative stress, as reflected by increased expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. These data demonstrate a similar pathologic response to inhaled SM in rats and humans suggesting that this rodent model can be used for mechanistic studies and for the identification of efficacious therapeutics for mitigating toxicity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.