ArticleJCI insight2020
In utero human intestine harbors unique metabolome, including bacterial metabolites.
Article in JCI insight, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Immune development in early life.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Underexplored maternal microbiomes: immune, metabolic, and microbial pathways shaping pregnancy outcomes.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- A mother's touch: microbial guardians of early immune imprinting.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- Unveiling balanced prenatal microbial colonization in amniotic fluid through an integrated culture and sequencing approach.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Crosstalk between the microbiome and the mucosal immunoglobulin A system in the lung, in health and disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutic advances of gut metabolites in the regulation of neuroimmune inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Programming the Infant Gut: How Maternal and Early Life Nutrition Shape the Infant Microbiome and Long-term Health-A Narrative Review.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- Development of the preterm infant gut and gastric residuals microbiome.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Beyond the gut: decoding the gut-immune-brain axis in health and disease.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- "The microbiome in graft-versus-host disease: a tale of two ecosystems".Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Identification of bacteriophage DNA in human umbilical cord blood.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Exploring mucosal immune development and function in utero.Trends in immunology · 2025Review
- Lifelong partners: Gut microbiota-immune cell interactions from infancy to old age.Mucosal immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- The microbiome as a modulator of neurological health across the maternal-offspring interface.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Shaping immunity: the influence of the maternal gut bacteria on fetal immune development.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Gut-X axis.iMeta · 2025Review
- A microbial symphony: a literature review of the factors that orchestrate the colonization dynamics of the human colonic microbiome during infancy and implications for future health.Microbiome research reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Symbiotic microbial colonization through the establishment of the intestinal microbiome is critical to many intestinal functions, including nutrient metabolism, intestinal barrier integrity, and immune regulation. Recent studies suggest that education of intestinal immunity may be ongoing in utero. However, the drivers of this process are unknown. The microbiome and its byproducts are one potential source. Whether a fetal intestinal microbiome exists is controversial, and whether microbially derived metabolites are present in utero is unknown. Here, we aimed to determine whether bacterial DNA and microbially derived metabolites can be detected in second trimester human intestinal samples. Although we were unable to amplify bacterial DNA from fetal intestines, we report a fetal metabolomic intestinal profile with an abundance of bacterially derived and host-derived metabolites commonly produced in response to microbiota. Though we did not directly assess their source and function, we hypothesize that these microbial-associated metabolites either come from the maternal microbiome and are vertically transmitted to the fetus to prime the fetal immune system and prepare the gastrointestinal tract for postnatal microbial encounters or are produced locally by bacteria that were below our detection threshold.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.