ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2020
SES inequalities in cause-specific adult mortality: a study of the long-term trends using longitudinal individual data for Sweden (1813-2014).
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Family Caregiver Role From the Perspective of Older Women Experiencing Poverty in a High-Income Country: A Qualitative Study.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Article
- The influence of selective mortality on poverty rates in later life: evidence from a Swedish cohort born in 1926.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Socio-economic inequalities in all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 period in north-western Tanzania, 2018-2021.Population health metrics · 2025Article
- The rising income gradient in life expectancy in Sweden over six decades.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Life course socioeconomic position, intergenerational social mobility, and mortality among Brazilian public servants in the ELSA-Brasil cohort.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- New Challenges in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis: How Biosensing Tools Can Lead to Population Screening Opportunities.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- All-cause and cause-specific mortality among older migrant and non-migrant adults in Finland: a register study on all deaths, 2002-2020.European journal of public health · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular disease: a causal perspective.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Socioeconomic inequalities in early adulthood disrupt the immune transcriptomic landscape via upstream regulators.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Re-examining the social gradient in health: A study of Dutch men, 1850-1984.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- The comparative mortality of an elite group in the long run of history: an observational analysis of politicians from 11 countries.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Observational
- Article
- What social determinants outside paid work are related to development of mental health during life? An integrative review of results from the Northern Swedish Cohort.BMC public health · 2021Review
- Trajectories of middle-aged and elderly people's chronic diseases Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs): cohort, socio-economic status and gender disparities.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
- COVID-19 Inequalities: Individual and Area Socioeconomic Factors (Aragón, Spain).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
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Abstract
Higher socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with lower mortality, and this correlation has been confirmed using different indicators across several geographical settings. Nevertheless, the timing of the emergence of the SES gradient remains unclear. We used individual-level longitudinal data for a regional population in southern Sweden covering the period between 1813 and 2014, and we applied a cause-specific proportional hazard model. We estimated SES differences in all-cause, nonpreventable, preventable, and cause-specific adult mortality in four subperiods (1813-1921, 1922-1967, 1968-1989, 1990-2014) by gender adjusting for birth year, place of residence, marital status, and migration status. The SES gradient in mortality present today for both genders emerged only around 1970, and with few exceptions, it emerged at approximately the same time for all causes of death. It emerged earlier for women than for men, particularly in infectious diseases. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, we found a positive association between SES and mortality from circulatory diseases for men. SES has not always been a fundamental cause of mortality; it only emerged as such in the second half of the twentieth century. We argue that habits and behaviors embedded in the different social strata played a major role in the emergence of the SES gradient.
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