Trial reportClinical oral investigations2021
Significant elevation of salivary human neutrophil peptides 1-3 levels by probiotic milk in preschool children with severe early childhood caries: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Clinical oral investigations, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of probiotic interventions on oral health in children: a systematic review.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Unveiling the dual nature ofFrontiers in oral health · 2025Pooled it
- The role of probiotics in preventing dental caries: a systematic review of clinical evidence.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of Probiotic Consumption on Oral Outcomes in Children and/or Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis.International dental journal · 2024Pooled it
- Unlocking the potential of probiotic administration in caries management: a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- The Oral-Gut-Brain Axis in Pediatric Populations: The Implications of Oral Dysbiosis for Systemic Inflammation and Neuroinflammation.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Article
- Effects of Oral Probiotics onDentistry journal · 2026Review
- The role of probiotics in modulating cariogenic bacteria and oral health outcomes: A systematic review and risk of bias assessment.The Saudi dental journal · 2025Review
- Microbiota-based therapies in oral health and disorders.Folia microbiologica · 2025Review
- Evaluating microbial regulation as a preventive strategy for radiation-related caries: A review.Head & face medicine · 2025Review
- Effects ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Managing Early Childhood Caries: A Comparative Review of Preventive and Restorative Approaches.Cureus · 2024Review
- The Variability of the Salivary Antimicrobial Peptide Profile: Impact of Lifestyle.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- How probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics prevent dental caries: an oral microbiota perspective.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Review
- Anti-cancer Properties of Potential Probiotics and Their Cell-free Supernatants for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: an In Vitro Study.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2023Article
- Exploration of the Main Antibiofilm Substance ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Characterization of Short Chain Fatty Acids Produced by Selected Potential ProbioticBiomolecules · 2022Article
- [Research Progress in the Relationship BetweenSichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2022Review
- Efficacy and safety of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomy for caries-exposed permanent teeth in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine salivary human neutrophil peptides 1-3 (HNP1-3) levels in caries-free preschool children and in those with early childhood caries (ECC) or severe-ECC, in a daily probiotic group, receiving reconstituted milk with the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei SD1 once daily; a triweekly probiotic group, receiving the probiotic milk 3 days a week; and a placebo group. MATERIALS AND
methodsOral examination and unstimulated whole saliva collection were conducted in 354 children at baseline, 6 months after intervention (T6), and after probiotic discontinuation (T12). Of the 354, adequate volume of saliva samples from 268 children were simultaneously analyzed for Streptococcus mutans and total lactobacilli levels using qPCR and for HNP1-3 levels using ELISA.
resultsIn the severe-ECC status, significant increases in the median HNP1-3 levels at T12 were found in both daily and triweekly probiotic groups (p < 0.001). The median S. mutans levels in the daily group were significantly decreased at T6 and T12 (p < 0.01), whereas the median total lactobacilli levels were significantly increased at T6 (p < 0.001). Significantly inverse correlations between altered HNP1-3 and S. mutans levels and significant decreases in caries progression were found in both probiotic groups (p < 0.05).
conclusionsIn the severe-ECC status, daily or triweekly consumption of L. paracasei SD1 significantly enhanced salivary HNP1-3 levels, but reduced S. mutans levels, possibly resulting in reduction of caries progression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Significant enhancement of salivary HNP1-3 levels by probiotic consumption is associated with reduction in S. mutans levels, consistent with diminished caries progression in children with severe-ECC.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.