ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2020
Enrolment characteristics associated with retention among HIV negative Kenyan gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men enrolled in the Anza Mapema cohort study.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Marriage and Steady Relationships with Women in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Mixed-Method Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Factors associated with the retention of travestis and transgender women living with HIV in a peer navigation intervention in São Paulo, Brazil.Cadernos de saude publica · 2023Trial
- Transactional sex, HIV, and STIs among men who have sex with men in Ghana: an MSM bio-behavioral study.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Article
- "God Didn't Make a Mistake in Creating Me": Intrapersonal Resilience Processes among Gay and Bisexual Male Youth in Kenya.Adolescents (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Adherence to quarterly HIV prevention services and its impact on HIV incidence in men who have sex with men in West Africa (CohMSM ANRS 12324 - Expertise France).BMC public health · 2021Article
- Mental Health Challenges and Needs among Sexual and Gender Minority People in Western Kenya.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Enrolment characteristics associated with retention among HIV negative Kenyan gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men enrolled in the Anza Mapema cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Article
- Involvement of African men and transgender women who have sex with men in HIV research: progress, but much more must be done.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Article
- Risk factors for loss to follow-up among at-risk HIV negative men who have sex with men participating in a research cohort with access to pre-exposure prophylaxis in coastal Kenya.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMost gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) live in rights-constrained environments making retaining them in research to be as hard as recruiting them. To evaluate Anza Mapema, an HIV risk-reduction programme in Kisumu, Kenya, we examined the enrolment sociodemographic, behavioural, psychosocial and clinical factors associated with missing two or more follow-up visits for GBMSM participating in Anza Mapema.
methodsBetween August 2015 and November 2017, GBMSM were enrolled and followed in a prospective cohort study with quarterly visits over 12 months. At enrolment, men were tested for HIV and sexually transmitted infections and completed questionnaires via audio computer-assisted self-interview. Because the Kenya Ministry of Health recommends HIV testing every three to six months for GBMSM, the retention outcome in this cross sectional analysis was defined as missing two consecutive follow-up visits (vs. not missing two or more consecutive visits). Multivariable logistic regression estimated the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations of the enrolment characteristics with the binary outcome of retention. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Among 609 enrolled HIV-negative GBMSM, the median age was 23 years (interquartile range, 21 to 28 years), 19.0% had completed ≤8 years of education and 4.1% had resided in the study area <1 year at enrolment. After enrolment, 19.7% missed two consecutive follow-up visits. In the final multivariable model, the odds of missing two consecutive follow-up visits were higher for men who: resided in the study area <1 year at enrolment (aOR, 4.14; 95% CI: 1.77 to 9.68), were not living with a male sexual partner (aOR, 1.59; 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.50), and engaged in transactional sex during the last three months (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.67).
conclusionsOne in five men missed two consecutive follow-up visits during this HIV prevention study despite intensive retention efforts and compensation for travel and participation. Participants with recent community arrival may require special support to optimize their retention in HIV prevention activities. Live-in partners of participants may be enlisted to support greater engagement in prevention programmes, and men who engage in transactional sex will need enhanced counselling and support to stay in longitudinal studies.
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