Observational studyEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2021
Impact of age and CYP2D6 genotype on exposure of zuclopenthixol in patients using long-acting injectable versus oral formulation-an observational study including 2044 patients.
Observational study in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Age on Antipsychotic Serum Concentration in Males and Females: A Study Based on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data From 19,926 Patients.Therapeutic drug monitoring · 2025Article
- Automated Interlaboratory Comparison of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data and Its Use for Evaluation of Published Therapeutic Reference Ranges.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Current Status of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Mental Health Treatment: A Review.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Impact of age and gender on paliperidone exposure in patients after administration of long-acting injectable formulations-an observational study using blood samples from 1223 patients.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeZuclopenthixol is an antipsychotic available as oral and long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on zuclopenthixol exposure during oral and LAI administrations without and with adjustment for CYP2D6 genotype.
methodsData on serum concentrations of zuclopenthixol and CYP2D6 genotype (available for 28.2% of the population) from patients using oral or LAI zuclopenthixol were included retrospectively from a therapeutic drug monitoring service during the period 2005-2019. As a measure of exposure, dose-adjusted serum concentration (C/D ratio) was used. Based on age, patients were grouped to older (≥ 65 years) or younger (18-64 years). Linear mixed model analyses without and with adjustment for CYP2D6 genotype were used.
resultsSerum concentrations of zuclopenthixol from 1145 (14.1% older) and 899 patients (24.6% older) in the LAI and oral groups were included, respectively. Compared with younger patients, older patients had a higher C/D ratio of zuclopenthixol for LAI (+ 25-33%, p < 0.001) and oral formulation (+ 25-29%, p ≤ 0.003) without and with adjustment for CYP2D6 genotype. The doses were lower in older versus younger patients (oral: - 30%; LAI: - 20%; p < 0.001). Compared with the younger LAI users without reduced CYP2D6 function, a higher C/D ratio was observed in the older LAI users with reduced CYP2D6 function (+ 104%, p < 0.001).
conclusionThe present study showed that zuclopenthixol exposure increases in older patients and that the older LAI users with reduced CYP2D6 function are exposed to high serum concentrations. Also, the present study showed that similar dose reductions are required for oral and LAI users.
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