Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33000309›Full record

ArticleWorld journal of surgery2021

Which Surgical Operations Should be Performed in District Hospitals in East, Central and Southern Africa? Results of a Survey of Regional Clinicians.

Zineb Bentounsi, Chris Lavy, Chiara Pittalis, Morgane Clarke, Jean Rizk, Grace Le, Ruairi Brugha, Eric Borgstein, Jakub Gajewski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in World journal of surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Retrospective analysis of a surgical service in a rural district hospital in the Eastern Cape.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2026
    Article
  2. Investment in family medicine to improve health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zineb BentounsiNuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK. zineb.bentounsi@ndorms.ox.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9325-1954
Chris LavyNuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK. chris.lavy@ndorms.ox.ac.uk.
Chiara PittalisRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
Morgane ClarkeRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
Jean RizkRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
Grace LeNuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
Ruairi BrughaRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
Eric BorgsteinDepartment of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Chipatala Avenue, PO Box 95, Blantyre, Malawi.
Jakub GajewskiRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Dublin, 2, Ireland.

Funding

European Commission Horizon 2020, number 733391
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn East, Central and Southern Africa (ECSA), district hospitals (DH) are the main source of surgical care for 80% of the population. DHs in Africa must provide basic life-saving procedures, but the extent to which they can offer other general and emergency surgery is debated. Our paper contributes to this debate through analysis and discussion of regional surgical care providers' perspectives.

methodsWe conducted a survey at the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa Conference in Kigali in December 2018. The survey presented the participants with 59 surgical and anaesthesia procedures and asked them if they thought the procedure should be done in a district level hospital in their region. We then measured the level of positive agreement (LPA) for each procedure and conducted sub-analysis by cadre and level of experience.

resultsWe had 100 respondents of which 94 were from ECSA. Eighteen procedures had an LPA of 80% or above, among which appendicectomy (98%), caesarean section (97%) and spinal anaesthesia (97%). Twenty-one procedures had an LPA between 31 and 79%. The surgical procedures that fell in this category were a mix of obstetrics, general surgery and orthopaedics. Twenty procedures had an LPA below 30% among which paediatric anaesthesia and surgery.

conclusionOur study offers the perspectives of almost 100 surgical care providers from ECSA on which surgical and anaesthesia procedures should be provided in district hospitals. This might help in planning surgical care training and delivery in these hospitals.

Indexed as

AdultAfrica South of the SaharaAnesthesiaChildFemaleHealth Care SurveysHospitals, DistrictHumansMalePregnancySpecialties, SurgicalSurgical Procedures, Operative

Identifiers

PMID33000309
PMCPMC7773610

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.