ArticleJournal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma2020
Metabolic syndrome and subchondral bone alterations: The rise of osteoarthritis - A review.
Article in Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Association between gut microbiota and spinal stenosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Randomized clinical trial comparing intra-articular injection of bone marrow aspirate clot and bone marrow aspirate concentrate in grade 3 and 4 knee osteoarthritis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Trial
- Small extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis: A double‑edged sword regulating inflammation and cartilage homeostasis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Temporal Hierarchy of Hydrogels and Orthobiologic Therapies for Knee Osteoarthritis.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Orthobiologics Revisited: A Concise Perspective on Regenerative Orthopedics.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Senile Osteoarthritis Regulated by the Gut Microbiota: From Mechanisms to Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- SDIMMMER: A Proposed Clinical Approach to Optimize Cellular Physiology in Regenerative Medicine.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Ultrasound-Guided PRP and SVF Therapy Shows Sustained Improvement in Severe Knee Osteoarthritis: A 12-Month Retrospective Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Article
- Orthobiologic Management Options for Degenerative Disc Disease.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Osteoarthritis Require Integrative Understanding and Management.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The Synergistic Effects of Hyaluronic Acid and Platelet-Rich Plasma for Patellar Chondropathy.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Platelet-Rich Plasma Power-Mix Gel (ppm)-An Orthobiologic Optimization Protocol Rich in Growth Factors and Fibrin.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Cannabidiol for musculoskeletal regenerative medicine.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Maintaining hypoxia environment of subchondral bone alleviates osteoarthritis progression.Science advances · 2023Article
- Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid in Osteoarthritis and Tendinopathies: Molecular and Clinical Approaches.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Biomarkers of Osteoarthritis-A Narrative Review on Causal Links with Metabolic Syndrome.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Gut-spine axis: a possible correlation between gut microbiota and spinal degenerative diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) has become one of the top major health burdens for over three decades not only due to its effects on cardiovascular health but also its implications in orthopedics. Extensive research has shown that MS is tightly linked to osteoarthritis and inflammation, a process which appears to primarily occur in the subchondral bone via the incidence of bone-marrow lesions (BMLs). Numerous studies identify obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hypertension as the top metabolic risk factors, the so-called "deadly quartet". These factors are responsible for the disruptive physiological processes that culminate in detrimental alterations within the subchondral bone, cartilage damage and, overall, the predominant pro-inflammatory joint microenvironment. Although it has long been thought that osteoarthritis was limited to the cartilage component of the joint, other studies indicate that the disease may originate from the harmful alterations that occur primarily in the subchondral bone, especially via means of vascular pathology. Since metabolic risk factors are manageable to a certain extent, it is therefore possible to decelerate the progression of OA and mitigate its devastating effects on the subchondral bone and subsequent articular cartilage damage.
methodsLiterature was reviewed using PubMed and Google Scholar in order to find a correlation between metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritic progression. The investigation included a combination of nomenclature such as: "metabolic syndrome", "obesity", "insulin resistance", "hypertension", "dyslipidemia", "low-grade systemic inflammation", "osteoarthritis", "subchondral bone", "cartilage" and "inflammatory biomarkers".
conclusionBased on several studies, there seems to be a significant association between The Deadly Quartet (metabolic syndrome), dysregulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, and osteoarthritic progression arising from unbridled systemic inflammation.
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