ReviewJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2021
Critical decision-making in neonatology and pediatrics: the I-P-O framework.
Review in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- A proposed ethics framework for conceptualization of the perioperative-neonatal window in open fetal surgery.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- Treatment Options Offered to Infants with Single Ventricle Physiology and Genetic Aneuploidy: A Survey of US Pediatric Intensivists, Cardiologists, and Cardiothoracic Surgeons.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Managing the Uncertainty of "Precision" While Navigating Goals of Care: A Framework for Collaborative Interpretation of Complex Genomic Testing Results in Critically-Ill Neonates.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Navigating parental disagreement: ethical analysis and a proposed approach.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Review
- Ethical Dilemmas in Newborn Infants with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.Asian bioethics review · 2025Article
- Emerging Priorities in Asian Paediatric Ethics.Asian bioethics review · 2025Article
- Towards better enrollment decision-making for perinatal clinical research: Reconsidering recruitment and consent processes to support family values and preferences.Seminars in perinatology · 2025Review
- Navigating the post-Dobbs landscape: ethical considerations from a perinatal perspective.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Review
- Ethical and Legal Issues Surrounding Genetic Testing in the NICU.NeoReviews · 2024Article
- The past, current, and future of neonatal intensive care units with artificial intelligence: a systematic review.NPJ digital medicine · 2023Review
- The patient/physician relationship in a post-Roe world: a neonatologist viewpoint.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Review
- Perinatal palliative care in sub-Saharan Africa: recommendations for practice, future research, and guideline development.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- The Case of Billy Best: 25 Years Later.Pediatrics · 2021Article
- Resuscitation policies for extremely preterm newborns: finally moving beyond gestational age.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Critical decision-making in neonatology and other areas of pediatrics often carries with it a complex and difficult ethical component. For any treatment under consideration, the impermissible-permissible-obligatory (I-P-O) spectrum provides a useful framework for determining how to proceed. Any proposed treatment can be located along this spectrum, and identified as either ethically impermissible, permissible, or obligatory. Treatments determined to be ethically impermissible should not be made available by physicians. Those deemed ethically permissible should be explained to parents, commonly with a specific recommendation. Informed parents should then be free to choose from among permissible options. Potential treatments deemed ethically obligatory should be provided to the patient, even in the face of parental objection. The fundamental ethical work in neonatology and pediatrics is determining where on the I-P-O spectrum a treatment under consideration should be located. This should be determined by the prognosis for the patient with and without the treatment, the feasibility of providing the treatment, and consideration of all relevant rights and obligations. Location on the line is dynamic, and clinicians should be open to movement of a given treatment along the spectrum as new information, particularly regarding effectiveness, toxicity, and/or alternatives, becomes available. This framework provides a structure for ethical conversation and decision-making related to a specific patient, as well as in the formation of institutional and national guidelines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
32999448What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.