ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
B cells reappear less mature and more activated after their anti-CD20-mediated depletion in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of High Efficacy Multiple Sclerosis Disease Modifying Drugs on the Immune Synapse: A Systematic Review.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Ocrelizumab on B- and T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Diversity in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis From the Randomized Phase III OPERA Trial.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Trial
- Association of Higher Ocrelizumab Exposure With Reduced Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Trial
- Immunometabolic reprogramming in multiple sclerosis: from pathogenic amplifier to therapeutic target in neuroinflammation and remyelination.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Beyond B Cell Depletion: Adhesion and Activation Network Remodeling During Repeated Intravenous Anti-CD20 Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Limits Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Driving Inflammation While Promoting Regulatory B Cells.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Persistent Classical and Atypical Memory B Cells Underlie Heterogeneous Vaccine Responses in Ocrelizumab-Treated Multiple Sclerosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Durable B-Cell Impairment While Sparing IgA B Cells After Ocrelizumab Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- B- and T cell receptor sequencing elucidates characteristics of lymphocyte depletion by ocrelizumab.iScience · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic profiling after B cell depletion reveals central and peripheral immune cell changes in multiple sclerosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of B cell repopulation in ocrelizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis by mass cytometry and proteomics.iScience · 2025Article
- Reconstitution of CXCR3Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Observational
- Review
- Elevated frequencies of activated memory B cells in multiple sclerosis are reset to healthy control levels after B cell depletion with Ocrelizumab.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Article
- From diagnosis to treatment: exploring the mechanisms underlying optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- B cell receptor repertoire reconstitution in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder receiving B-cell depletion therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- IRF5 mediates adaptive immunity via altered glutamine metabolism, mTORC1 signaling and post-transcriptional regulation following T cell receptor activation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Current Knowledge about CD3International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neonatal B-Cell Levels and Infant Health in Newborns Potentially Exposed to Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies During Pregnancy or Lactation.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Alemtuzumab-induced thyroid eye disease successfully treated with a single low dose of rituximab.European thyroid journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
B cell depletion via anti-CD20 antibodies is a highly effective treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about the maturation/activation stage of the returning B cell population after treatment cessation and the wider effects on other immune cells. In the present study, 15 relapsing-remitting MS patients receiving 1,000 mg of rituximab were included. B, T, and myeloid cells were analyzed before anti-CD20 administration and in different time intervals thereafter over a period of 24 mo. In comparison to the phenotype before anti-CD20 treatment, the reappearing B cell pool revealed a less mature and more activated phenotype: 1) reappearing B cells were significantly enriched in transitional (before: 10.1 ± 1.9%, after: 58.8 ± 5.2%) and mature naive phenotypes (before: 45.5 ± 3.1%, after: 25.1 ± 3.5%); 2) the frequency of memory B cells was reduced (before: 36.7 ± 3.1%, after: 8.9 ± 1.7%); and 3) reappearing B cells showed an enhanced expression of activation markers CD25 (before: 2.1 ± 0.4%, after: 9.3 ± 2.1%) and CD69 (before: 5.9 ± 1.0%, after: 21.4 ± 3.0%), and expressed significantly higher levels of costimulatory CD40 and CD86. T cells showed 1) a persistent increase in naive (CD4
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