ArticleBMC genomics2020
Divergence of metabolites in three phylogenetically close Monascus species (M. pilosus, M. ruber, and M. purpureus) based on secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters.
Article in BMC genomics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chromosome-Scale Genome Analysis Reveals Locus-Specific Disruption of the Citrinin-Associated Region in a Furu-DerivedFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Unveiling Metabolic Capability and Growth Adaptation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- An ATMT-CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing in Monascus purpureus.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- The Pathophysiological Mechanism of Beni-koji Choleste-Help or Puberulic Acid-Induced Kidney Injury.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Co-Culture ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A 28-day subacute toxicity study of puberulic acid in Crl:CD(SD) rats.Journal of toxicologic pathology · 2025Article
- Fanconi syndrome following administration of oral supplements containing red yeast rice: several months follow-up of three cases.CEN case reports · 2025Article
- Mechanism of puberulic acid contamination in red yeast rice tablets that caused a serious food poisoning outbreak in Japan.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2025Article
- Renal Injuries Induced by Supplements Containing Red Yeast Rice.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Recurrent acute kidney injury with Fanconi syndrome related to red yeast rice supplement.CEN case reports · 2025Article
- A case of acute kidney injury and Fanconi syndrome while taking multiple supplements, including Red Yeast Rice Cholesterol HelpCEN case reports · 2025Article
- Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Red Yeast Rice (Beni-kōji) Supplement: A Report of Two Cases.Kidney medicine · 2024Article
- Acute kidney tubular injury after ingestion of red yeast rice supplement.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- CRISPR/Cas9 system is a suitable gene targeting editing tool to filamentous fungus Monascus pilosus.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Investigation of monacolin K, yellow pigments, and citrinin production capabilities of Monascus purpureus and Monascus ruber (Monascus pilosus).Journal of food and drug analysis · 2023Article
- Insight into the phylogeny and metabolic divergence ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Safety evaluation of mycotoxin citrinin production from3 Biotech · 2022Article
- A Review of Red Yeast Rice, a Traditional Fermented Food in Japan and East Asia: Its Characteristic Ingredients and Application in the Maintenance and Improvement of Health in Lipid Metabolism and the Circulatory System.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Effect of aFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSpecies of the genus Monascus are considered to be economically important and have been widely used in the production of yellow and red food colorants. In particular, three Monascus species, namely, M. pilosus, M. purpureus, and M. ruber, are used for food fermentation in the cuisine of East Asian countries such as China, Japan, and Korea. These species have also been utilized in the production of various kinds of natural pigments. However, there is a paucity of information on the genomes and secondary metabolites of these strains. Here, we report the genomic analysis and secondary metabolites produced by M. pilosus NBRC4520, M. purpureus NBRC4478 and M. ruber NBRC4483, which are NBRC standard strains. We believe that this report will lead to a better understanding of red yeast rice food.
resultsWe examined the diversity of secondary metabolite production in three Monascus species (M. pilosus, M. purpureus, and M. ruber) at both the metabolome level by LCMS analysis and at the genome level. Specifically, M. pilosus NBRC4520, M. purpureus NBRC4478 and M. ruber NBRC4483 strains were used in this study. Illumina MiSeq 300 bp paired-end sequencing generated 17 million high-quality short reads in each species, corresponding to 200 times the genome size. We measured the pigments and their related metabolites using LCMS analysis. The colors in the liquid media corresponding to the pigments and their related metabolites produced by the three species were very different from each other. The gene clusters for secondary metabolite biosynthesis of the three Monascus species also diverged, confirming that M. pilosus and M. purpureus are chemotaxonomically different. M. ruber has similar biosynthetic and secondary metabolite gene clusters to M. pilosus. The comparison of secondary metabolites produced also revealed divergence in the three species.
conclusionsOur findings are important for improving the utilization of Monascus species in the food industry and industrial field. However, in view of food safety, we need to determine if the toxins produced by some Monascus strains exist in the genome or in the metabolome.
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