Trial reportNature2020
COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and T
Trial report in Nature, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,205 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multi-site, Phase I/II, 2-Part, Dose-Escalation Trial Investigating the Safety and Immunogenicity of Four Prophylactic SARS-CoV-2 RNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 Using Different Dosing Regimens in Healthy and Immunocompromised Adults
A Phase I-Ib, Double-blinded, Randomized Repeated Dose Single Center, Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Nasal Poly-ICLC (Hiltonol®) in Healthy COVID-19 Vaccinated Adults
Serology Testing (Antibody Levels) With Time Following SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) Vaccinations in Residents of Nursing, Extended Care, and Over-55 Communities
Who cites it
1,205 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,020 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 vaccination and clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in cancer patients: a meta-analysis of real-world studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of an investigational mRNA-lipid nanoparticle-based monovalent influenza vaccine: Results from a phase 1, randomized, dose-escalation study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Safety, immunogenicity, persistence and dose evaluation of the CS-2034 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a phase II randomized controlled trial in healthy Chinese adults.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Human T cell engineering via serial delivery of mRNA encapsulated within lipid nanoparticles.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Enhanced immunogenicity and dose-sparing efficacy of self-amplifying RNA vaccines against seasonal influenza across subtypes.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Review
- T cell immunomonitoring: a comparative analysis of traditional and novel methods to quantify and characterize human antigen-specific T cells.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Engineering tolerogenic mRNA-LNPs for allergen-specific immune reprogramming in pollen allergy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Effects of natural killer cell depletion on innate and adaptive immune responses to COVID mRNA vaccination.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Recoding by NNature communications · 2026Article
- RNA therapeutics: current status and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- mRNA Vaccines Targeting the Conserved SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Machinery Elicit Cross-Variant and Robust Immunity.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Spike Protein at the Crossroads of Long-COVID and Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Syndromes: A Cardio-Hematological Perspective.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Quieting the carrier: Matching delivery to immunology in anti-inflammatory mRNA therapy.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Developing Antiviral Vaccines Based on AttenuatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Design and development of lipid nanoparticle formulations for brain gene therapy.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- A dimeric mRNA vaccine based on key-mutant and KP.3 RBDs induces broad-spectrum immunity and protects mice against JN.1 and XDV challenges.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- The Role of CD4 T Cell Repertoire and Immune Memory Mechanisms in Vaccination and Infection Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- IFNλ4 Gene Variants Are Associated with CD8Biomolecules · 2026Article
1,145 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
42 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An effective vaccine is needed to halt the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Recently, we reported safety, tolerability and antibody response data from an ongoing placebo-controlled, observer-blinded phase I/II coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine trial with BNT162b1, a lipid nanoparticle-formulated nucleoside-modified mRNA that encodes the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.