ArticleScientific reports2020
Cholinergic axons regulate type I acini in salivary glands of Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes scapularis ticks.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Two types of axonal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors mediate formation of saliva cocktail in the tick Ixodes ricinus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Hard Ticks as Vectors: The Emerging Threat of Tick-Borne Diseases in India.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Functional characterization of three G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptors in parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2023Article
- 50 Years since Kaufman and Phillips' Groundbreaking Trilogy Elucidating Ion and Water Homeostasis in Ixodid Ticks.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Concise Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Pilocarpine.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Enlisting thePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regulatory factors controlling tick salivary glands (SGs) are direct upstream neural signaling pathways arising from the tick's central nervous system. Here we investigated the cholinergic signaling pathway in the SG of two hard tick species. We reconstructed the organization of the cholinergic gene locus, and then used in situ hybridization to localize mRNA encoding choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in specific neural cells in the Ixodes synganglion. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that cholinergic axonal projections exclusively reached type I acini in the SG of both Ixodes species. In type I acini, the rich network of cholinergic axons terminate within the basolateral infoldings of the lamellate cells. We also characterized two types (A and B) of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), which were expressed in Ixodes SG. We pharmacologically assessed mAChR-A to monitor intracellular calcium mobilization upon receptor activation. In vivo injection of vesamicol-a VAChT blocker-at the cholinergic synapse, suppressed forced water uptake by desiccated ticks, while injection of atropine, an mAChR-A antagonist, did not show any effect on water volume uptake. This study has uncovered a novel neurotransmitter signaling pathway in Ixodes SG, and suggests its role in water uptake by type I acini in desiccated ticks.
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